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Selective Trading of Available-for-Sale Securities: Evidence from U.S. Commercial Banks

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  • Minyue Dong
  • Xiao-Jun Zhang

Abstract

This paper examines the selective trading of available-for-sale (AFS) securities by U.S. banks after the implementation of fair value accounting under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, Accounting Standards Codification Topic 320. Our findings suggest firms still engage in earnings management through selective selling of AFS securities despite the mandatory disclosure of unrealized security holding gains and losses in their financial statements. Such activities do not appear to be driven by the lack of reliability of the fair value measure. Instead, the degree of earnings management varies significantly with the reporting format of unrealized AFS security holding gains and losses. We find evidence of earnings management among banks that choose to report unrealized holding gains and losses in the statement of shareholders’ equity. By contrast, we find no such evidence among banks disclosing unrealized holding gains and losses in the income statement.

Suggested Citation

  • Minyue Dong & Xiao-Jun Zhang, 2018. "Selective Trading of Available-for-Sale Securities: Evidence from U.S. Commercial Banks," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(3), pages 467-493, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:euract:v:27:y:2018:i:3:p:467-493
    DOI: 10.1080/09638180.2017.1304227
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    Cited by:

    1. Rui Ye & Saeed Heravi & Jason Xiao, 2024. "Market Institutions, Fair Value, and Financial Analyst Forecast Accuracy," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 60(1), pages 130-171, March.
    2. Mei Luo & Shuai Shao & Frank Zhang, 2018. "Does financial reporting above or below operating income matter to firms and investors? The case of investment income in China," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 1754-1790, December.
    3. El Diri, Malek & King, Timothy & Spokeviciute, Laima & Williams, Jonathan, 2021. "Hands in the cookie jar: Exploiting loan loss provisions under bank financial distress," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    4. Zeting Zang & Humayun Kabir & Tom Scott, 2022. "Does OCI Presentation for Equity Financial Assets Matter?," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 32(4), pages 427-439, December.
    5. Inês Pinto & Ana Isabel Morais, 2022. "Classification of Equity Instruments under IFRS 9: Determinants and Consequences," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 32(4), pages 411-426, December.
    6. Karolis Liaudinskas, 2022. "Human vs. Machine: Disposition Effect among Algorithmic and Human Day Traders," Working Paper 2022/6, Norges Bank.
    7. Lartey, Theophilus & James, Gregory A. & Danso, Albert & Boateng, Agyenim, 2022. "Bank business models, failure risk and earnings opacity: A short- versus long-term perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    8. Ruichang Lu & Weijia He & Xiaojun Zhang, 2023. "Using Available‐for‐sale Securities to Smooth Earnings: Evidence from China," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 59(1), pages 163-196, March.
    9. Nengqi Pan & Millicent Chang & Xiaofei Pan, 2024. "Career concerns and earnings management in government‐owned banks," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 64(1), pages 475-506, March.
    10. Bischof, Jannis & Laux, Christian & Leuz, Christian, 2021. "Accounting for financial stability: Bank disclosure and loss recognition in the financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(3), pages 1188-1217.
    11. Bischof, Jannis & Laux, Christian & Leuz, Christian, 2020. "Accounting for financial stability: Lessons from the financial crisis and future challenges," SAFE Working Paper Series 283, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    12. Anani, Makafui & Elwasify, Eman Ibrahem, 2023. "Regulatory capital management and available-for-sale securities: Evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PA).

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