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Inclusiveness revisited: Assessing inclusive businesses in South African agriculture

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  • Wytske O Chamberlain
  • Ward Anseeuw

Abstract

Inclusive businesses are complex partnerships between commercial entities and smallholders/low-income communities, to include the latter in commercial agricultural value chains. IBs offer income opportunities for both partners, but are also regarded as empowering the smallholders/communities. To date, IB inclusiveness has been assessed mainly through basic quantitative measurements. However, these measures neglect the complexities of the overall value creation process, and of the inclusion of the beneficiaries within this process. This paper aims at providing a more holistic methodology by assessing the level of inclusiveness based on four dimensions: ownership, voice, risk and reward. Case studies in South Africa show that inclusion of low-income communities lags behind the intended level. Lack of financial resources and skills, reinforced by power imbalance, result in smallholder ownership being limited to land, the community’s voice being compromised, risk being transferred to the smallholder communities and rewards being disappointing for the beneficiaries.

Suggested Citation

  • Wytske O Chamberlain & Ward Anseeuw, 2019. "Inclusiveness revisited: Assessing inclusive businesses in South African agriculture," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(5), pages 600-615, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:deveza:v:36:y:2019:i:5:p:600-615
    DOI: 10.1080/0376835X.2018.1518708
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    Cited by:

    1. Celina Schelle & Benno Pokorny, 2021. "How Inclusive Is Inclusive? A Critical Analysis of an Agribusiness Initiative in Kenya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Vera Sadovska & Lena Ekelund Axelson & Cecilia Mark-Herbert, 2020. "Reviewing Value Creation in Agriculture—A Conceptual Analysis and a New Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-22, June.
    3. James Wangu & Ellen Mangnus & A.C.M. (Guus) van Westen, 2020. "Limitations of Inclusive Agribusiness in Contributing to Food and Nutrition Security in a Smallholder Community. A Case of Mango Initiative in Makueni County, Kenya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-23, July.
    4. Giuseppe Di Vita & Daniela Spina & Rachele De Cianni & Roberto Carbone & Mario D’Amico & Raffaele Zanchini, 2023. "Enhancing the extended value chain of the aromatic plant sector in Italy: a multiple correspondence analysis based on stakeholders’ opinions," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 11(1), pages 1-24, December.
    5. German, Laura A. & Bonanno, Anya M. & Foster, Laura Catherine & Cotula, Lorenzo, 2020. "“Inclusive business” in agriculture: Evidence from the evolution of agricultural value chains," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    6. Creppy, Priscilla & Bicknell, Kathryn & Renwick, Alan, 2024. "Understanding smallholder preferences for joint ventures in Ghana's rice sector: Improving market access through inclusive business models," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 470-481.

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