Landscape memory in abandoned areas—physical and ecological perspectives (Central European mountains case study)

Using the concept of landscape memory we examined the relationship between persistence of anthropogenic landforms and their botanical composition several decades after depopulation of Karpno village (Sudetes Mts), which represents the socio-economic and ecological processes typical for mountainous areas in post-war Central Europe. The research was based on geomorphic and botanical field surveys. Evidence of anthropogenic landscape memory still persists in local land morphology and ecosystem composition, despite the apparent homogeneity of large-scale landscape features. Former human activities continue to affect local site properties, which results in a mosaic of diverse habitats. Plant species composition of secondary ecosystems remains different from both their anthropogenic precursors and surrounding natural communities. Persistent habitat eutrophication slows down competitive exclusion of shade intolerant species in sites overgrown by forest canopy. Observed evidence cannot be explained without knowledge of local history, which is vital for planning development and conservation of bio-cultural landscapes.