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Energy for freshwater supply, use and disposal in the Netherlands: a case study of Dutch households

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  • P.W. Gerbens-Leenes

Abstract

This study presents energy requirements for Dutch household water: 10.2 GJ per capita per year, which includes 9.3 GJ (92%) for heating water, 0.6 GJ (6%) for water supply, and 0.2 GJ for wastewater treatment (2%). The top three energy consumers include shower water (58%), dishwasher water (9%) and washing machine water (8%). The Netherlands, a water-abundant country, expends far more energy to heat water for households than to supply municipal water, or to treat and dispose of wastewater. Policies to make water chains more sustainable should focus on use, rather than supply and disposal.

Suggested Citation

  • P.W. Gerbens-Leenes, 2016. "Energy for freshwater supply, use and disposal in the Netherlands: a case study of Dutch households," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 398-411, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cijwxx:v:32:y:2016:i:3:p:398-411
    DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2015.1127216
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    1. Shah, Tushaar & Scott, C. & Kishore, A. & Sharma, A., 2003. "Energy-irrigation nexus in South Asia: Improving groundwater conservation and power sector viability," IWMI Research Reports H033885, International Water Management Institute.
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    1. Manuel Mocholi-Arce & Ramon Sala-Garrido & Maria Molinos-Senante & Alexandros Maziotis, 2022. "Measuring the eco-efficiency of the provision of drinking water by two-stage network data envelopment analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(11), pages 12883-12899, November.
    2. Ana Luiza Fontenelle & Erik Nilsson & Ieda Geriberto Hidalgo & Cintia B. Uvo & Drielli Peyerl, 2022. "Temporal Understanding of the Water–Energy Nexus: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Molinos-Senante, María & Sala-Garrido, Ramón, 2017. "Energy intensity of treating drinking water: Understanding the influence of factors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 275-281.

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