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To what end? Drip irrigation and the water-energy-food nexus in Morocco

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  • Guy Jobbins
  • Jack Kalpakian
  • Abdelouahid Chriyaa
  • Ahmed Legrouri
  • El Houssine El Mzouri

Abstract

This article draws on three case studies of drip irrigation adoption in Morocco to consider the water-energy-food nexus concept from a bottom-up perspective. Findings indicate that small farmers' adoption of drip irrigation is conditional, that water and energy efficiency does not necessarily reduce overall consumption, and that adoption of drip irrigation (and policies supporting it) can create winners and losers. The article concludes that, although the water-energy-food WEF nexus concept may offer useful insights, its use in policy formulation should be tempered with caution. Technical options that appear beneficial at the conceptual level can have unintended consequences in practice, and policies focused on issues of scarcity and efficiency may exacerbate other dimensions of poverty and inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Guy Jobbins & Jack Kalpakian & Abdelouahid Chriyaa & Ahmed Legrouri & El Houssine El Mzouri, 2015. "To what end? Drip irrigation and the water-energy-food nexus in Morocco," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 393-406, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cijwxx:v:31:y:2015:i:3:p:393-406
    DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2015.1020146
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maria Vagliasindi, 2013. "Implementing Energy Subsidy Reforms : Evidence from Developing Countries," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 11965.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ziheng Feng & Liying Sun, 2024. "Water Conservation Implications Based on Tempo-Spatial Characteristics of Water Footprint in the Water-Receiving Areas of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Emirjona Kertolli & Paolo Prosperi & Rachid Harbouze & Rachid Moussadek & Ghizlane Echchgadda & Hatem Belhouchette, 2024. "The water–energy–food–ecosystem nexus in North Africa dryland farming: a multi-criteria analysis of climate-resilient innovations in Morocco," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-31, December.
    3. Molle, François & Tanouti, Oumaima, 2017. "Squaring the circle: Agricultural intensification vs. water conservation in Morocco," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 170-179.
    4. Stefan Strohmeier & Patricia López López & Mira Haddad & Vinay Nangia & Mohammed Karrou & Gianni Montanaro & Abdelghani Boudhar & Clara Linés & Ted Veldkamp & Geert Sterk, 2020. "Surface Runoff and Drought Assessment Using Global Water Resources Datasets - from Oum Er Rbia Basin to the Moroccan Country Scale," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(7), pages 2117-2133, May.
    5. Rui Zhao & Hualing He & Ning Zhang, 2015. "Regional Water Footprint Assessment: A Case Study of Leshan City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-16, December.
    6. Lucia de Strasser, 2017. "Calling for Nexus Thinking in Africa’s Energy Planning," ESP: Energy Scenarios and Policy 263161, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    7. Georgia D. Van de Zande & Fiona Grant & Carolyn Sheline & Susan Amrose & Jeffery Costello & Aditya Ghodgaonkar & Amos G. Winter V, 2024. "Design and Evaluation of a Precision Irrigation Tool’s Human–Machine Interaction to Bring Water- and Energy-Efficient Irrigation to Resource-Constrained Farmers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, September.
    8. Ozturk, Ilhan, 2015. "Sustainability in the food-energy-water nexus: Evidence from BRICS (Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa) countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 999-1010.
    9. Pritee Sharma & Salla Nithyanth Kumar, 0. "The global governance of water, energy, and food nexus: allocation and access for competing demands," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-15.
    10. Ahmad Hamidov & Katharina Helming, 2020. "Sustainability Considerations in Water–Energy–Food Nexus Research in Irrigated Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-20, August.
    11. Joel O. Botai & Christina M. Botai & Katlego P. Ncongwane & Sylvester Mpandeli & Luxon Nhamo & Muthoni Masinde & Abiodun M. Adeola & Michael G. Mengistu & Henerica Tazvinga & Miriam D. Murambadoro & S, 2021. "A Review of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus Research in Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-26, February.
    12. Jose Luis Ortega-Pozo & Francisco Javier Alcalá & José Manuel Poyatos & Jaime Martín-Pascual, 2022. "Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation Agriculture in Morocco: Influence of Regulation on Feasible Implementation," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, December.
    13. Lee, Seung Oh & Jung, Younghun, 2018. "Efficiency of water use and its implications for a water-food nexus in the Aral Sea Basin," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 80-90.
    14. repec:ocp:dbbook:book:1 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Pritee Sharma & Salla Nithyanth Kumar, 2020. "The global governance of water, energy, and food nexus: allocation and access for competing demands," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 377-391, June.

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