Author
Listed:
- Brian Pratt
- Rowan Popplewell
Abstract
Since 2008, Europe has been mired in a series of complex and interconnected economic, financial, fiscal, and political crises, prompting citizens across Europe to erupt onto the streets to protest against cuts to pensions and public services, taxation increases, and government corruption. The current crises have resulted in profound challenges for many civil society organisations, yet they also arguably present an opportunity for many groups and have prompted the re-emergence of a more vibrant and politically engaged civil society in some European countries, as compared to the large contract delivery NGOs which have dominated recent years, sometimes to the detriment of small civil society organisations which are the backbone of European civil society However, in order to fully understand these current and emerging trends, we should cast our gaze further back. This article aims to contextualise recent trends through providing a brief history of the emergence and development of civil society in Europe, drawing on seven longer case studies from the UK, Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, and Greece. It will then discuss some of the main issues and trends, and reflect on possible future directions for civil society in Europe.L’émergence et la ré-émergence de la société civile : un bref historique de la société civile en Europe, de la Magna Carta à la crise de l'EurozoneDepuis 2008, l'Europe est enlisée dans une série de crises économiques, financières, fiscales et politiques complexes et reliées entre elles qui poussent les citoyens des quatre coins de l'Europe à descendre dans la rue pour protester contre les coupes sombres opérées dans les retraites et les services publics, les hausses des impôts et la corruption des gouvernements. Les crises actuelles ont abouti à de profondes difficultés pour de nombreuses organisations de la société civile, mais on peut aussi soutenir qu'elles présentent une occasion pour de nombreux groupes et qu'elles ont suscité la ré-émergence d'une société civile plus dynamique et politiquement engagée dans certains pays européens, par rapport aux grandes ONG chargées de mettre en œuvre des contrats, qui ont dominé au cours des dernières années, parfois aux dépens des petites organisations de la société civile qui constituent la clé de voûte de la société civile européenne. Cependant, afin de comprendre pleinement ces tendances actuelles et émergentes, nous ferions bien de revenir un peu en arrière. Ce Point de vue cherche à contextualiser les tendances récentes en fournissant un bref historique de l’émergence et du développement de la société civile en Europe, en s'inspirant de sept études de cas effectuées sur des périodes assez longues au Royaume-Uni, en République d'Irlande, aux Pays-Bas et en Grèce. Il traitera ensuite de certaines des principales questions et tendances, et réfléchira à des directions futures possibles pour la société civile en Europe.El surgimiento y re-surgimiento de la sociedad civil: una breve historia de la sociedad civil en Europa, de la Carta Magna a la crisis de la eurozonaDesde 2008, Europa ha estado sumergida en una serie de complejas e interconectadas crisis económicas, financieras, fiscales y políticas. Las mismas han llevado a que los ciudadanos de toda Europa irrumpan en las calles y protesten contra los recortes a las pensiones y a los servicios públicos, contra los aumentos a los impuestos y contra la corrupción gubernamental. Las crisis actuales han implicado retos para diversas organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Sin embargo, puede decirse que para muchos grupos también representan una oportunidad, toda vez que han impulsado el re-surgimiento de una sociedad civil más vibrante y politizada en varios países europeos, en comparación con las grandes ong orientadas a la entrega [de bienes y servicios] por contrato. En años recientes, dichas ong han dominado el espacio público, perjudicando en ciertos momentos a las pequeñas organizaciones de la sociedad civil que constituyen la espina dorsal de la sociedad civil europea. Para comprender mejor estas tendencias actuales y emergentes, es necesario revisar la historia. Apoyado en siete largos estudios de caso realizados en el Reino Unido, la República de Irlanda, Holanda y Grecia, este artículo pretende contextualizar las tendencias recientes a través de una breve historia del surgimiento y del desarrollo de la sociedad civil europea. Asimismo, analiza algunos de los principales temas y tendencias, presentando ciertas reflexiones en torno a los posibles caminos que se abren para la sociedad civil europea de cara al futuro.O surgimento e ressurgimento da sociedade civil: uma breve história da sociedade civil na Europa, desde a Carta Magna até a crise da Zona do EuroDesde 2008, a Europa tem enfrentado uma série de crises econômicas, financeiras, fiscais e políticas que são complexas e interconectadas, estimulando cidadãos de toda a Europa a irem para as ruas protestar contra cortes na previdência e nos serviços públicos, aumento nos impostos e corrupção no governo. As crises atuais resultaram em desafios profundos para muitas organizações da sociedade civil, embora elas também possam representar uma oportunidade para muitos grupos e têm estimulado o ressurgimento de uma sociedade civil mais vibrante e politicamente engajada em alguns países europeus, comparado a ONGs que implementam grandes contratos, que têm dominado os últimos anos, às vezes em detrimento de pequenas organizações da sociedade civil, que são a base da sociedade civil europeia. Porém, para compreender plenamente estas tendências atuais e emergentes, devemos voltar nossos olhos atentamente para o passado. Este Ponto de Vista tem como objetivo contextualizar tendências recentes, oferecendo um breve histórico do surgimento e desenvolvimento da sociedade civil na Europa, baseando-se em sete estudos de caso mais longos do Reino Unido, República da Irlanda, Países Baixos e Grécia. Ele então discutirá algumas das questões e tendências principais e refletirá sobre possíveis direções futuras para a sociedade civil na Europa.
Suggested Citation
Brian Pratt & Rowan Popplewell, 2013.
"The emergence and re-emergence of civil society: a brief history of civil society in Europe, from the Magna Carta to the Eurozone crisis,"
Development in Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(5-6), pages 721-728, August.
Handle:
RePEc:taf:cdipxx:v:23:y:2013:i:5-6:p:721-728
DOI: 10.1080/09614524.2013.801400
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