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Trajectories of transnational Muslim NGOs

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  • Marie Juul Petersen

Abstract

Transnational Muslim NGOs are increasingly important actors in the field of aid provision. Much of the literature has presented a rather static and homogeneous picture of this group of organisations, overlooking their heterogeneity and changing nature. Tracing the historical trajectories of transnational Muslim NGOs, this article shows how changing political, economic, and social contexts have shaped the identities, activities, and relations of these organisations. Using four specific events – the famine in the Horn of Africa, the wars in Afghanistan and Bosnia, and the War on Terror – as windows through which to study these trajectories, the article argues that recent history has seen the emergence of at least four types of transnational Muslim NGO: da'watist, jihadist, solidarity-based, and secularised.Trajectoires d'ONG musulmanes transnationalesLes ONG musulmanes transnationales sont des acteurs de plus en plus importants dans le domaine de la prestation de secours humanitaires. Une grande partie des documents écrits à leur sujet ont présenté un tableau assez statique et homogène de ce groupe d'organisations, oubliant leur hétérogénéité et leur nature en mutation. En retraçant les trajectoires historiques des ONG musulmanes transnationales, cet article montre comment les contextes politiques, économiques et sociaux en évolution ont façonné les identités, activités et relations de ces organisations. En se servant de quatre événements précis – la famine de la Corne de l'Afrique, les guerres d'Afghanistan et de Bosnie et la Guerre contre le terrorisme – comme voies permettant d'étudier ces trajectoires, l'article soutient que l'on a assisté récemment à l'apparition d'au moins quatre types d'ONG musulmane transnationale : da'watiste, jihadiste, solidaire et laïcisé.Trajetórias de ONGs Muçulmanas transnacionaisAs ONGs Muçulmanas Transnacionais são cada vez mais agentes importantes na área de provisão de ajuda humanitária. Grande parte da literatura tem apresentado um quadro mais estático e homogêneo deste grupo de organizações, ignorando sua heterogeneidade e natureza variável. Traçando as trajetórias históricas de ONGs Muçulmanas transnacionais, este artigo mostra como a mudança de contextos políticos, econômicos e sociais têm influenciado as identidades, atividade e relações destas organizações. Utilizando quatro eventos específicos – a fome na região do Chifre da África, as guerras no Afeganistão e Bósnia, e a Guerra ao Terror – como janelas através das quais estuda-se estas trajetórias, o artigo argumenta que a história recente tem presenciado a emergência de pelo menos quatro tipos de ONGs Muçulmanas transnacionais: da'watist, jihadist, baseada em solidariedade e secularizada.Las trayectorias de las ONG islámicas multinacionalesLas ONG multinacionales islámicas son actores cada vez más importantes para el suministro de ayuda. Lo que se ha escrito al respecto ofrece una imagen estática y homogénea de estas organizaciones pasando por alto su heterogeneidad y dinamismo. Este ensayo, basado en una investigación de las trayectorias históricas de las ONG multinacionales islámicas, muestra cómo los contextos políticos, económicos y sociales en evolución han moldeado las identidades, actividades y relaciones de estas organizaciones. A través de cuatro casos —la hambruna en el Cuerno de África, las guerras en Afganistán y Bosnia y la guerra contra el terrorismo— como ejemplos para examinar sus trayectorias, este ensayo sostiene que en el pasado reciente han emergido al menos cuatro tipos de ONG multinacionales islámicas: dawatistas, yihadistas, solidarias y laicas.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Juul Petersen, 2012. "Trajectories of transnational Muslim NGOs," Development in Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(5-6), pages 763-778, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:cdipxx:v:22:y:2012:i:5-6:p:763-778
    DOI: 10.1080/09614524.2012.685876
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