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Rethinking orphanhood and vulnerability in Ethiopia

Author

Listed:
  • Gina Crivello
  • Nardos Chuta

Abstract

‘Orphans’ became a category of vulnerable children deserving special protection in the context of the global AIDS epidemic, and currently the notion of ‘orphans and vulnerable children’ (OVC), dominates much of the policy for protecting children across sub-Saharan Africa. Analysis of survey and qualitative data from Young Lives in Ethiopia found that parental death does not guarantee the often assumed negative impacts on children's experiences, and that inequalities between children are greater along dimensions of poverty and household location, compared to orphan status. ‘OVC’ obscures poverty as a main source of child vulnerability and is therefore an outdated approach.Repenser la condition d'orphelin et la vulnérabilité en ÉthiopieLes « orphelins » sont devenus une catégorie d'enfants vulnérables qui méritent de faire l'objet d'une protection spéciale dans le contexte de l’épidémie mondiale de sida et, à l'heure actuelle, la notion d’« orphelins et enfants vulnérables » (OEV) domine une grande partie des politiques générales relatives à la protection de l'enfance dans l'ensemble de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Une analyse de données qualitatives et issues d'enquêtes de Young Lives en Éthiopie a montré que la mort des parents ne garantit pas les impacts négatifs souvent supposés sur les expériences des enfants et que les inégalités entre enfants dépendent davantage de la pauvreté et de la situation géographique des ménages que de la condition d'orphelin. L'appellation d’« OEV » fait oublier que la pauvreté est une source principale de vulnérabilité des enfants et elle constitue donc une approche dépasséeRepensando a orfandade e a vulnerabilidade na EtiópiaOs “órfãos” tornaram-se uma categoria de crianças vulneráveis que merece proteção especial no contexto da epidemia global da AIDS e, atualmente, a noção de “órfãos e crianças vulneráveis” (OVC) domina grande parte da política de proteção de crianças em toda a África Subsaariana. A análise de pesquisas e dados qualitativos de Young Lives na Etiópia constatou que a morte dos pais não resulta necessariamente nos impactos negativos frequentemente presumidos sobre a experiência das crianças e que as desigualdades entre elas são maiores ao longo das dimensões da pobreza e local de moradia da família do que em relação ao status de órfão. A abordagem dos “OVC” oculta a pobreza como principal fonte da vulnerabilidade infantil e, assim, constitui uma abordagem ultrapassada.Una nueva concepción sobre la orfandad y la vulnerabilidad en EtiopíaA partir de la epidemia mundial de SIDA, los “huérfanos” se convirtieron en una categoría de niñez vulnerable que amerita protección especial y hoy en día el concepto de “huérfanos y niñez vulnerable” (HNV) es uno de los aspectos que más se tienen en cuenta en las políticas diseñadas para la protección de la niñez en el África subsahariana. Un análisis de las encuestas y los datos cualitativos recopilados por Vidas Jóvenes de Etiopía demuestra que la muerte de los padres no siempre produce el impacto negativo en la vida de los niños y niñas que comúnmente se presupone. Asimismo, las desigualdades que existen entre los niños se manifiestan más por la pobreza y por la ubicación de sus hogares que por ser huérfanos. La categoría HNV oculta el hecho de que la pobreza es una de las razones más importantes de la vulnerabilidad de la niñez y por tanto ha dejado de tener vigencia.

Suggested Citation

  • Gina Crivello & Nardos Chuta, 2012. "Rethinking orphanhood and vulnerability in Ethiopia," Development in Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 536-548, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:cdipxx:v:22:y:2012:i:4:p:536-548
    DOI: 10.1080/09614524.2012.673556
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