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An investigation of cointegration and causality between fertility and female labour force participation

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  • Benjamin Cheng

Abstract

Applying Hsiao's version of the Granger causality method, this paper examines the causality between fertility and female labour participation using transformed US data for the period 1948-93. The PP tests reveal that the original series are not stationary; therefore, a first differencing is performed. This study finds that there is a undirectional causality running from BR to FR with no feedback. The results confirm the hypothesis that the presence of small children discourages a woman from seeking employment outside the house, yet employment does not affect women's decision to have children.

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  • Benjamin Cheng, 1996. "An investigation of cointegration and causality between fertility and female labour force participation," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 29-32.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:apeclt:v:3:y:1996:i:1:p:29-32
    DOI: 10.1080/758525511
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Payne, James E., 2009. "On the dynamics of energy consumption and output in the US," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(4), pages 575-577, April.
    2. Robert McNown, 2003. "A Cointegration Model of Age‐Specific Fertility and Female Labor Supply in the United States," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 70(2), pages 344-358, October.
    3. Mishra, Vinod & Smyth, Russell, 2010. "Female labor force participation and total fertility rates in the OECD: New evidence from panel cointegration and Granger causality testing," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 48-64, January.
    4. Benjamin Cheng, 1999. "Cointegration and causality between fertility and female labor participation in Taiwan: A multivariate approach," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 27(4), pages 422-434, December.
    5. Xuan Hoi Bui, 2020. "An Investigation of the Causal Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Vietnam," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 415-421.
    6. Benjamin Cheng & Robert Hsu & Qiyu Chu, 1997. "The causality between fertility and female labour force participation in Japan," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(2), pages 113-116.
    7. Peter Howie & John Wicks & John Fitzgerald & Douglas Dalenberg & Rachel Connelly, 2006. "Mothers' time spent in care of their children and market work: a simultaneous model with attitudes as instruments," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(8), pages 503-506.
    8. Ekundayo P. Mesagan & O. Yasiru Alimi & K. Adekunle Adebiyi, 2018. "Population Growth, Energy Use, Crude Oil Price, and the Nigerian Economy," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 115-132.
    9. Lee, Grace H.Y. & Lee, Sing Ping, 2014. "Childcare availability, fertility and female labor force participation in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 71-85.
    10. Paraskevi Salamaliki & Ioannis Venetis & Nicholas Giannakopoulos, 2013. "The causal relationship between female labor supply and fertility in the USA: updated evidence via a time series multi-horizon approach," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 26(1), pages 109-145, January.
    11. Alberto Cazzola & Lucia Pasquini & Aurora Angeli, 2016. "The relationship between unemployment and fertility in Italy," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 34(1), pages 1-38.
    12. Seema Narayan & Tri Tung Nguyen & Xuan-Hoa Nghiem, 2021. "Does Economic Integration Increase Female Labour Force Participation? Labour Force Participation?," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 24(1), pages 1-34, March.
    13. Mezghani, Imed & Ben Haddad, Hedi, 2017. "Energy consumption and economic growth: An empirical study of the electricity consumption in Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 145-156.
    14. Daniela-Emanuela Dănăcică & Ana-Gabriela Babucea & Lucia Paliu-Popa & Gabriela Bușan & Irina-Elena Chirtoc, 2023. "The Nexus between Higher Education and Unemployment—Evidence from Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, February.
    15. Cheng, Benjamin S. & Nwachukwu, Savior L. S., 1997. "The effect of education on fertility in Taiwan: A time series analysis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 95-99, September.

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