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Intersectional digital inequality in Indonesia

Author

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  • Agnieszka ChoczyÅ„ska

    (AGH University of Krakow, Poland)

Abstract

Indonesia is an emerging economy with a fast-growing digital sector. However, the development is not uniform across the country, with wide gaps related to regional differences and personal characteristics. This paper analyses the digital gap in Indonesia in the intersectional framework. I consider several metrics, such as the ratio of the population accessing the Internet, villages receiving mobile internet signal, and telecommunication expenditures. The study spans five years, from 2018 to 2022 (with some years missing for some of the variables). The data comes from BPS-Statistics Indonesia 2022 report "Telecommunication Statistics in Indonesia". I compute the Equality Ratios for one-dimensional and intersectional inequality as the value of the digitalisation metric for the most underprivileged group divided by the value for the most privileged group. Then, I assess the intersectional surplus as the difference between the inequality experienced by the intersectional group and the combination of one-dimensional inequalities. There is a substantial gap in internet usage and mobile internet availability in Indonesia, mostly related to urban/rural division and disparities between provinces. On the contrary, the gender gap is minimal. I also find no inequality in telecommunication expenditures. The gaps in internet usage were converging in recent years, but this was not true for the gaps in internet availability. People in intersectional groups face the combination of one-dimensional inequalities, but in most cases, there are none or minimal surplus effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka ChoczyÅ„ska, 2024. "Intersectional digital inequality in Indonesia," Insights into Regional Development, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 6(3), pages 11-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:ssi:jouird:v:6:y:2024:i:3:p:11-22
    DOI: 10.70132/a2853658265
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sujarwoto, Sujarwoto & Tampubolon, Gindo, 2016. "Spatial inequality and the Internet divide in Indonesia 2010–2012," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(7), pages 602-616.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    digitalisation; digital divide; intersectional inequality; Indonesia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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