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Virtual Water and an EKC for Water Pollution

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  • Alexi Thompson

    (Indiana University of Pennsylvania)

  • Christopher Jeffords

    (Indiana University of Pennsylvania)

Abstract

This paper includes country level virtual water data in an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for water pollution. Virtual water accounts for the total amount of water required to produce a good in all stages of production. This paper constructs a water independence index, defined as the water required in domestic production divided by the amount of water required for all imported goods. Results suggest an increase in trade openness and importing water intensive goods may lower water pollution levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexi Thompson & Christopher Jeffords, 2017. "Virtual Water and an EKC for Water Pollution," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(3), pages 1061-1066, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:31:y:2017:i:3:d:10.1007_s11269-016-1541-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1541-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Shi, Zhen & She, Zhiyu & Chiu, Yung-ho & Qin, Shijiong & Zhang, Lina, 2021. "Assessment and improvement analysis of economic production, water pollution, and sewage treatment efficiency in China," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Changfeng Shi & Luji Li & Yung‐Ho Chiu & Yanying Wang & Ang Li, 2023. "Decoupling analysis of water consumption and economic development of arid and semiarid regions in Northwest China," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(2), pages 192-213, May.

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