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Application of the Improved City Blueprint Framework in 45 Municipalities and Regions

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  • Steven Koop
  • Cornelis Leeuwen

Abstract

Rapid urbanization, water pollution, climate change and inadequate maintenance of water and wastewater infrastructures in cities may lead to flooding, water scarcity, adverse health effects, and rehabilitation costs that may overwhelm the resilience of cities. Furthermore, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is hindered by water governance gaps. We have analyzed IWRM in 45 municipalities and regions divided over 27 countries using the improved City Blueprint® Framework (CBF). The CBF incorporates solely performance-oriented indicators that more accurately measure the city’s own efforts and performances to improve its IWRM. We have also analyzed the trends and pressures (on which the city’s IWRM has a negligible influence). The Trends and Pressure Framework (TPF) creates awareness of the most stressing topics that either hamper or, on the contrary, pose opportunity windows for IWRM. The improved Blue City Index (BCI*) and the Trends and Pressures Index (TPI; the arithmetic mean of all TPF indicators) have been compared with other city descriptors. The BCI* and TPI showed a significant and negative Pearson correlation (r = −0.83). This implies that cities with pressing needs to improve their IWRM also face the highest environmental, financial and/or social limitations. The BCI* and TPI correlate significantly with the ND-GAIN climate readiness index (r = 0.86; r = −0.94), the environmental awareness index (r = 0.85; r = −0.85), the European green city index (r = 0.86; r = −0.85) and various World Bank governance indicators. Based on a hierarchical clustering of the 45 municipalities and regions, 5 different levels of sustainability of urban IWRM could be distinguished, i.e., (1) cities lacking basic water services, (2) wasteful cities, (3) water efficient cities, (4) resource efficient and adaptive cities, and (5) water wise cities. This categorization, as well as the CBF and TPF are heuristic approaches to speed up the transition towards water wise cities. Copyright The Author(s) 2015

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  • Steven Koop & Cornelis Leeuwen, 2015. "Application of the Improved City Blueprint Framework in 45 Municipalities and Regions," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(13), pages 4629-4647, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:29:y:2015:i:13:p:4629-4647
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-015-1079-7
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    1. S. H. A. Koop & C. J. Leeuwen, 2017. "The challenges of water, waste and climate change in cities," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 385-418, April.
    2. Eric Schreurs & Stef Koop & Kees Leeuwen, 2018. "Application of the City Blueprint Approach to assess the challenges of water management and governance in Quito (Ecuador)," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 509-525, April.
    3. Ray Biswas, Rahul & Rahman, Anisur, 2023. "Development and application of regional urban water security indicators," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
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    5. Suresh Kumar Sharma & A. Seetharaman & K. Maddulety, 2021. "Framework for Sustainable Urban Water Management in Context of Governance, Infrastructure, Technology and Economics," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(12), pages 3903-3913, September.
    6. Natalie Páez-Curtidor & Daphne Keilmann-Gondhalekar & Jörg E. Drewes, 2021. "Application of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus Approach to the Climate-Resilient Water Safety Plan of Leh Town, India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-29, September.
    7. Hassan Tolba Aboelnga & Lars Ribbe & Franz-Bernd Frechen & Jamal Saghir, 2019. "Urban Water Security: Definition and Assessment Framework," Resources, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-19, November.
    8. Steven K. Starrett, 2017. "Mentoring New Water Resources Professionals on Engineering Ethics," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(10), pages 3271-3285, August.

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