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Modeling the Effect of Cistern Size, Soil Type, and Irrigation Scheduling on Rainwater Harvesting as a Stormwater Control Measure

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  • Sa’d Shannak
  • Fouad Jaber
  • Bruce Lesikar

Abstract

Urban stormwater runoff could have negative impacts on water resources and the environment. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) can serve both as a stormwater control and water conservation measure. Cistern size and irrigation scheduling are two of the factors that directly impact the total runoff from a residential unit with a RWH system and the amount of potable water used for irrigation. The effectiveness of RWH was evaluated for four soil types; Sand, Sandy Loam, Loamy Sand, and Silty Clay, with a root zone of 15.2 cm using three irrigation scheduling methods (Evapotranspiration (ET)-based, soil moisture-based, and time-based), and five cistern sizes. Total runoff volumes and total supplemental potable water used were compared among the three irrigation scheduling systems and a control treatment without RWH. A model was developed to simulate the daily water balance for the treatments. Irrigation and runoff volumes were compared for the various scenarios. Silty clay soil resulted with 83 % more runoff than Sandy soil, while Sandy soil required on average 58 % more supplemental water than Silty Clay soil. On average, the 833 L cistern resulted with 41 % savings in water supply and 45 % reduction in total runoff. Results showed that the greatest volumes of runoff predicted were for the silty clay soil Control Treatment using a time-based irrigation scheduling method, while the least volumes calculated were for the sandy loam soil time-based irrigation scheduling treatment with 833 L cistern size. The greatest volumes of total supplemental water predicted were for sandy loam soil Control Treatment, while the least volumes were for silty clay soil ET-based irrigation scheduling treatment with 833 L cistern size. Regression equations were developed to allow for users to select a RWH cistern size based on the amount of water they want to save or runoff to reduce. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Sa’d Shannak & Fouad Jaber & Bruce Lesikar, 2014. "Modeling the Effect of Cistern Size, Soil Type, and Irrigation Scheduling on Rainwater Harvesting as a Stormwater Control Measure," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(12), pages 4219-4235, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:28:y:2014:i:12:p:4219-4235
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-014-0740-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. Mishra & A. Adhikary & S. Panda, 2009. "Optimal Size of Auxiliary Storage Reservoir for Rain Water Harvesting and Better Crop Planning in a Minor Irrigation Project," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(2), pages 265-288, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yalin Song & Xinqiang Du & Xueyan Ye, 2019. "Analysis of Potential Risks Associated with Urban Stormwater Quality for Managed Aquifer Recharge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Siyao Ma & Yalin Song & Xueyan Ye & Xinqiang Du & Jingjia Ma, 2021. "Clogging and Water Quality Change Effects of Typical Metal Pollutants under Intermittent Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Urban Stormwater," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-15, December.

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