Energy efficient acoustic sensor data integration in hybrid mode operated pervasive wireless sensor network

Pervasive Wireless Sensor Networks (PWSNs) are essential for collecting and transmitting real-time data from the physical world to various applications. Integrating blockchain technology with PWSNs enables decentralized data integration securely and immutably, although it requires energy-intensive computing processes. In this paper, the proposed model is designed to investigate the potential of blockchain technology to utilize acoustic signals in a pervasive acoustic wireless sensor network (PAWSN) to achieve energy efficiency. Considering the energy limitations of battery-operated sensor nodes, particularly acoustic sensors, and the energy consumption associated with blockchain technology, this study addresses these challenges by dividing the network into centralized and decentralized structures. In the proposed approach, acoustic sensor nodes operate within a centralized network structure, each assigned to a sensor zone with a central sink node. The sink nodes then participate in a decentralized network structure. To enhance energy efficiency, acoustic sensors in sensor zones are equipped with contextual information to minimize event listening. The primary objective of the proposed technique is to collect context-sensitive acoustic sensor data and integrate it into a decentralized blockchain while minimizing energy consumption at leaf nodes. The evaluation of the system architecture will employ blockchain technology, with a specific focus on leaf node energy efficiency (LNEN) as a primary performance metric. Analysis of experimental results reveals a substantial enhancement in energy efficiency, with LNEN approaching approximately 50% ( $$LNEN \approx 50\%$$ L N E N ≈ 50 % ), attributed to the proposed model’s effectiveness.