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Objective Income But Not Subjective Social Status Predicts Short-Term and Long-Term Cognitive Outcomes: Findings Across Two Large Datasets

Author

Listed:
  • Vincent Y. S. Oh

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Zhaoliang Yu

    (National University of Singapore
    Wuhan University)

  • Eddie M. W. Tong

    (National University of Singapore)

Abstract

Little evidence exists to determine whether individual variations in objective income versus subjective social status would more strongly predict cognitive outcomes in adulthood. In the present study, we contrast the predictive validity of objective income against subjective social status on cognitive outcomes using two large-scale, general public samples. In Study 1, we cross-sectionally examined a sample of Singaporean adults (N = 848; 379 males; Mage = 37.19) to determine whether income or subjective social status would predict reasoning ability. In Study 2, we examined a sample of American adults (N = 1476; 694 males; Mage = 53.70) across approximately ten years using latent variable cross-lagged panel modelling to determine whether income or subjective social status would predict long-term episodic memory and executive function after accounting for baselines. Age, gender, education, employment status, and household size were controlled for. Results indicated that objective income predicted all cognitive outcomes in both studies, whereas subjective social status did not. Additionally in Study 2, reverse-causal pathways in which cognitive functioning was specified as a predictor of later income were not supported. Overall, the results suggest replicable, unidirectional links between objective income and multiple indices of cognitive functioning that were not found for subjective social status.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent Y. S. Oh & Zhaoliang Yu & Eddie M. W. Tong, 2022. "Objective Income But Not Subjective Social Status Predicts Short-Term and Long-Term Cognitive Outcomes: Findings Across Two Large Datasets," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(1), pages 327-349, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:162:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s11205-021-02844-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-021-02844-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sacks, Daniel W. & Stevenson, Betsey & Wolfers, Justin, 2012. "The New Stylized Facts about Income and Subjective Well-Being," IZA Discussion Papers 7105, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    4. Gavin Turrell & John W. Lynch & George A. Kaplan & Susan A. Everson & Eeva-Liisa Helkala & Jussi Kauhanen & Jukka T. Salonen, 2002. "Socioeconomic Position Across the Lifecourse and Cognitive Function in Late Middle Age," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 57(1), pages 43-51.
    5. Dana A. Glei & Noreen Goldman & Maxine Weinstein, 2018. "Perception has its Own Reality: Subjective versus Objective Measures of Economic Distress," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 44(4), pages 695-722, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Raffaele Grotti & Helen Russell & Bertrand Maître & Davide Gritti, 2024. "The Experience of Housing Discrimination and Housing Deprivation Across Social Groups in Ireland," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 175(1), pages 195-215, October.
    2. Gugushvili, Alexi & Jarosz, Ewa, 2024. "A longitudinal study of perceived social position and health-related quality of life," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).

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