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Marital Status and Gender Inequality in Household Income Among Older Adults in Israel: Changes Over time

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  • Lilach Lurie

    (Tel Aviv University
    Ramat-Aviv)

  • Haya Stier

    (Ramat-Aviv
    Tel Aviv University)

Abstract

Marital status has long been associated with social and economic vulnerability, namely unmarried individuals were seen as more vulnerable than the married. The current study examines gender inequalities in household income among older Israeli widowed, divorced, and never-married individuals. Israel provides an interesting case for examining the distinction between different marital statuses over time due to demographic, socioeconomic and policy changes that transpired during three distinct decades—the early 1990s, early 2000s, and early 2010s. We found that the unmarried have lower household income as compared to the married; however, in terms of income per capita, unmarried men appear to have higher income than that of married men, in contrast to unmarried women—particularly those divorced and widowed—who are clearly at a disadvantage as compared to married women and to men in general. We also found that over time, gender inequality increased among the divorced but decreased among the widowed. Sociodemographic changes as well as transformations in the Israeli labor market, welfare state and pension schemes explain our findings.

Suggested Citation

  • Lilach Lurie & Haya Stier, 2022. "Marital Status and Gender Inequality in Household Income Among Older Adults in Israel: Changes Over time," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 159(2), pages 801-820, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:159:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s11205-021-02781-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-021-02781-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Richard W. Johnson & Melissa M. Favreault, 2004. "Economic Status in Later Life Among Women Who Raised Children Outside of Marriage," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 59(6), pages 315-323.
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    Cited by:

    1. Anat Herbst-Debby, 2023. "What’s Your Pension Story? Women’s Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Old-Age Pension Status, Past and Present," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Can Verberi & Muhittin Kaplan, 2024. "An Evaluation of the Impact of the Pension System on Income Inequality: USA, UK, Netherlands, Italy and Türkiye," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 174(3), pages 905-931, September.
    3. Alisa C. Lewin & Haya Stier, 2023. "When Marriage Ends: Differences in Affluence and Poverty Among Older Adults in Israel," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 39(1), pages 1-20, December.

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