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A Multiperiod Supply Chain Network Optimization Model with Investments in Labor Productivity Enhancements in an Era of COVID-19 and Climate Change

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  • Anna Nagurney

    (University of Massachusetts)

Abstract

We are living in a very challenging time in history with the COVID-19 pandemic upon us plus the impacts of climate change now being notable with the frequency of various disasters increasing as well as their impacts. Nevertheless, products still must be produced, transported, and consumed in order to sustain humanity, and labor has revealed itself to be a critical resource in supply chain networks. In this paper, we construct the first multiperiod supply chain network model, which captures labor associated with the various supply chain network activities of production, transportation, storage over time, and distribution, and also includes link labor productivity enhancements that allow for investments in enhanced safety and health of the workers. We utilize a net present value (NPV) approach with the optimization model being formulated and solved as a variational inequality problem. We report the complete input and solution results for a series of numerical examples in terms of product flows, labor required, wages, as well as link labor productivity enhancements. We then further illustrate the relevance of the framework by conducting sensitivity analysis. We find that investing in link labor productivity can benefit workers also in terms of higher wages earned and the firm in terms of an increase in the optimal value of its objective function represented by the NPV, provided that consumers are aware of and responsive to such investments. This work adds to the literature on the integration and extension of concepts of operations research and economics in order to provide deeper insights into highly relevant aspects of supply chains during this time of their expanded importance.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Nagurney, 2021. "A Multiperiod Supply Chain Network Optimization Model with Investments in Labor Productivity Enhancements in an Era of COVID-19 and Climate Change," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 2(4), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:snopef:v:2:y:2021:i:4:d:10.1007_s43069-021-00112-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s43069-021-00112-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ed Day & Sam Fankhauser & Nick Kingsmill & Hélia Costa & Anna Mavrogianni, 2019. "Upholding labour productivity under climate change: an assessment of adaptation options," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(3), pages 367-385, March.
    2. Hertel, Thomas & Cicero Zanetti De Lima, 2020. "Climate Impacts on Agriculture: Searching for Keys under the Streetlight," GTAP Working Papers 6155, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University.
    3. Liu, Zugang & Wang, Jia, 2019. "Supply chain network equilibrium with strategic supplier investment: A real options perspective," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 184-198.
    4. Hertel, Thomas W. & de Lima, Cicero Z., 2020. "Viewpoint: Climate impacts on agriculture: Searching for keys under the streetlight," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    5. Liu, Zugang & Cruz, Jose M., 2012. "Supply chain networks with corporate financial risks and trade credits under economic uncertainty," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(1), pages 55-67.
    6. Saberi, Sara & Cruz, Jose M. & Sarkis, Joseph & Nagurney, Anna, 2018. "A competitive multiperiod supply chain network model with freight carriers and green technology investment option," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 266(3), pages 934-949.
    7. Deaton, Angus & Meullbauer, John, 1981. "Functional Forms for Labor Supply and Commodity Demands with and without Quantity Restrictions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(6), pages 1521-1532, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nagurney, Anna, 2022. "Attracting international migrant labor: Investment optimization to alleviate supply chain labor shortages," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 9(C).
    2. Ahmed Mohamed Habib & Umar Nawaz Kayani, 2023. "Evaluating the Super-Efficiency of Working Capital Management Using Data Envelopment Analysis: Does COVID-19 Matter?," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 1-20, June.

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