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Holding times to maintain quasi-regular headways and reduce real-time bus bunching

Author

Listed:
  • Citlali M. Olvera-Toscano

    (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon)

  • Yasmín Á. Ríos-Solís

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey)

  • Roger Z. Ríos-Mercado

    (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon)

  • Romeo Sánchez Nigenda

    (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon)

Abstract

Real-time control strategies deal with the day’s dynamics in bus rapid transit systems. This work focuses on minimizing the number of buses of the same line cruising head-to-tail or arriving at a stop simultaneously by implementing bus holding times at the stops as a control strategy. We propose a new mathematical model to determine the bus holding times. It has quadratic constraints but a linear objective function that minimizes the bus bunching penalties. We also propose a beam-search heuristic to reduce computational solution time to solve large instances. Experimental results on a bus rapid transit system simulation in Monterrey, Mexico, show a bus bunching reduction of 45% compared to the case without optimization. Moreover, passenger waiting times are reduced by 30% in some scenarios. For real-world instances with 60 buses, the beam-search approach provides solutions with an optimality gap of less than 5% in less than 3 s.

Suggested Citation

  • Citlali M. Olvera-Toscano & Yasmín Á. Ríos-Solís & Roger Z. Ríos-Mercado & Romeo Sánchez Nigenda, 2023. "Holding times to maintain quasi-regular headways and reduce real-time bus bunching," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 595-628, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:pubtra:v:15:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s12469-023-00326-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s12469-023-00326-7
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