RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluate the barriers of blockchain technology adoption in sustainable supply chain management in the manufacturing sector using a novel Pythagorean fuzzy-CRITIC-CoCoSo approach

The application of blockchain technology (BT) to sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has enriched the operations management processes with higher degrees of safety, traceability, transparency, and efficiency. This technology effectively helps prevent fake products and fraud across the supply chains, reducing costs and enhancing efficiency. However, the implementation of BT in supply chain management (SCM) is still in the initial stages since companies generally pay too much attention to the adoption phase while neglecting the managerial/organizational strategies required to succeed in this path; they also overlook the establishment of an effective link to the three main pillars of sustainability (i.e., the environmental, social, and economic aspects). Despite high potentials formerly confirmed for BT, a number of barriers have blocked the rapid adoption of this technology. Accordingly, the current study attempts to propose an innovative model hybridizing the combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) and criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) methods to identify and evaluate the barriers to the BT adoption in SSCM in the manufacturing sector. In the proposed model, CRITIC is responsible for calculating the criteria weights, and CoCoSo for evaluating the preference order of the organization. To exhibit the practicality of the introduced model, a case study is taken to evaluate the barriers to the adoption of BT in SSCM within PFSs environment. Moreover, we exhibit a sensitivity analysis over parameter values in view of examining the stability of our proposed approach. Finally, we draw attention to a comparison between our developed PF-CRITIC-CoCoSo decision-making framework with an existing PF-WASPAS method to show its superiority and potency.