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The Earthquake Readiness Scale: The Development of a Valid and Reliable Unifactorial Measure

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  • Matthew Spittal
  • Frank Walkey
  • John McClure
  • Richard Siegert
  • Kimberley Ballantyne

Abstract

Preparedness is a key dependent variable in many studies examining people’s response to disasters such as earthquakes. A feature of many studies on this issue, however, is the lack of attention given to psychometric issues when constructing measures of preparedness. With regard to earthquake preparation, for example, many studies could be greatly improved by the use of a valid and reliable measure of preparedness. This research developed such a measure that assessed both low-level preparedness, such as having an emergency kit, and high-level preparedness, such as altering home structures to mitigate damage. Studies of Wellington (New Zealand) residents using two samples totalling n=652 showed that 23 items measuring these different aspects of earthquake preparation could be combined into a reliable, valid, unifactorial scale. This brief scale should have utility in multivariate studies of earthquake preparation, either as a dependent variable, where preparation is the outcome variable of primary interest, or as one of several independent variables, where preparation and other measures predict another outcome variable. Copyright Springer 2006

Suggested Citation

  • Matthew Spittal & Frank Walkey & John McClure & Richard Siegert & Kimberley Ballantyne, 2006. "The Earthquake Readiness Scale: The Development of a Valid and Reliable Unifactorial Measure," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 39(1), pages 15-29, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:39:y:2006:i:1:p:15-29
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-005-2369-9
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Harvey Henson & Justin McDaniel & Rajvee Subramanian & Tishauna Edwards, 2020. "Intervention and assessment of earthquake knowledge at rural schools near the New Madrid seismic zone, USA," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(2), pages 1315-1329, November.
    2. Nuriye Sancar & Nadire Cavus, 2023. "A Novel Scale for Evaluating Digital Readiness toward Earthquakes: A Comprehensive Validity and Reliability Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Anne M. Sanquini & Sundar M. Thapaliya & Michele M. Wood, 2016. "A survey instrument to isolate effectiveness of a novel risk communication intervention," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 82(1), pages 59-72, May.
    4. Helene Joffe & Gabriela Perez-Fuentes & Henry W. W. Potts & Tiziana Rossetto, 2016. "How to increase earthquake and home fire preparedness: the fix-it intervention," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(3), pages 1943-1965, December.
    5. Ceren Türkdoğan Görgün & İlknur Koçak Şen & Jim McLennan, 2023. "The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the psychological preparedness for disaster threat scale," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(1), pages 331-346, August.
    6. Enrica Verrucci & Gabriela Perez-Fuentes & Tiziana Rossetto & Luke Bisby & Muki Haklay & David Rush & Patrick Rickles & Gretchen Fagg & Helene Joffe, 2016. "Digital engagement methods for earthquake and fire preparedness: a review," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(3), pages 1583-1604, September.
    7. Nicholas W. Talisman & Cynthia A. Rohrbeck & Philip J. Moore & Jennifer E. Marceron & Katherine M. Burns, 2024. "Measuring personal emergency preparedness: validation and application of the emergency preparedness checklist," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(9), pages 8505-8520, July.
    8. Nicolás C. Bronfman & Pamela C. Cisternas & Paula B. Repetto & Javiera V. Castañeda & Eliana Guic, 2020. "Understanding the Relationship Between Direct Experience and Risk Perception of Natural Hazards," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(10), pages 2057-2070, October.
    9. Nicolás C Bronfman & Pamela C Cisternas & Paula B Repetto & Javiera V Castañeda, 2019. "Natural disaster preparedness in a multi-hazard environment: Characterizing the sociodemographic profile of those better (worse) prepared," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Barbara Ryan & Rachel King, 2020. "How ready is ready? Measuring physical preparedness for severe storms," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(1), pages 171-199, October.
    11. Panpan Lian & Zhenyu Zhuo & Yanbin Qi & Dingde Xu & Xin Deng, 2021. "The Impacts of Training on Farmers’ Preparedness Behaviors of Earthquake Disaster—Evidence from Earthquake-Prone Settlements in Rural China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, July.
    12. Onuma, Hiroki & Shin, Kong Joo & Managi, Shunsuke, 2016. "Household preparedness for natural disasters:Impact of disaster experience and implications for future disaster risks in Japan," MPRA Paper 77634, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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