Techniques and methods for managing disasters and critical situations

Despite the great development and advancement of technology over time, the problem of disaster and crisis management and dealing with it remains a major and great challenge. Early detection of natural disasters, strict laws against man-made disasters, and even the enforcement of the safety requirements for industrial disasters could not stop the occurrence of disasters and crises that leave devastation, general disability, suffering, and deprivation, in addition to injuries, wounded, victims, and even missing and dead human beings. Therefore, technologies, algorithms, and modern methods such as mechanical, electronic, robots, image, and signal processing, artificial intelligence, wireless communication, and so on must be harnessed to deal with disasters after their occurrence as well as limit their effects. Because preserving the lives of people and helping them is greatly important, this research has been prepared to review the work and techniques of researchers. The reviewed research dealt with the early detection of disasters and managing them in the fastest time and with high efficiency, including detecting and locating victims and also relieving survivors to reduce the psychological, physical, and economic impact of these disasters. Also, the paper presented the development of using some technology as a robot in this field. This paper can be a base for other researchers and rescue workers to improve and enhance their operations or mission of managing disasters or crises.