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Adapting mountain-farming systems to climate change by reducing food-nutrition-health vulnerability

Author

Listed:
  • Thusitha Bandara

    (University of Peradeniya)

  • Buddhi Marambe

    (University of Peradeniya)

  • Gamini Pushpakumara

    (University of Peradeniya)

  • Pradeepa Silva

    (University of Peradeniya)

  • Ranjith Punyawardena

    (Natural Resources Management Centre, Department of Agriculture)

  • Lasantha Manawadu

    (University of Colombo)

  • Sarath Premalal

    (Department of Meteorology)

  • Giashuddin Miah

    (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University)

  • Khem Raj Dahal

    (Tribhuvan University)

Abstract

The study attempted to use an indicator approach to identify food, nutrition and health vulnerability in existing agriculture systems in the hilly areas in south Asia and to identify the best adaptation strategies to ensure food security. The farming system units (FSUs) were selected randomly from sites at elevation ≥ 300 m amsl, slope ≥ 30%, and representing ≥ 30% of the agrarian population. A questionnaire survey helped recognize different farming systems and their components. Adaptation strategies to reduce food-nutrition-health vulnerability (FNHV) of 424 FSUs in Sri Lanka (Hatton and Welimada), Bangladesh (Chittagong), and Nepal (Jhikhu Khola) were assessed by the FNHV index (FNHVi) calculated using 18 climate-sensitive parameters. The spatial distribution of FNHVi (0 = least to 1 = very-highly vulnerable) was mapped for each site, and a composite index compared FNHVs among sites. The FNHVi ranged from 0.13 to 0.68 and was not dependent on the altitude of FSUs. Chittagong was the most vulnerable, with a composite FNHV of 0.51, followed by Welimada (0.42), Hatton (0.39), and Jhikhu Khola (0.35). The contribution of the selected parameters to FNHV varied among different sites and households within a location. Good adaptation strategies such as crop diversification, mixed cropping, incorporation of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers, integrated crop and animal husbandry, and production of food for own consumption coupled with land ownership, diversified income sources, availability of storage facilities, and adoption of proper sanitary conditions have helped build climate-resilience in the mountain ecosystems of south Asia.

Suggested Citation

  • Thusitha Bandara & Buddhi Marambe & Gamini Pushpakumara & Pradeepa Silva & Ranjith Punyawardena & Lasantha Manawadu & Sarath Premalal & Giashuddin Miah & Khem Raj Dahal, 2024. "Adapting mountain-farming systems to climate change by reducing food-nutrition-health vulnerability," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 29(8), pages 1-28, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:29:y:2024:i:8:d:10.1007_s11027-024-10181-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-024-10181-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Abid Hussain & Faisal Mueen Qamar & Lipy Adhikari & Asif Iqbal Hunzai & Atta ur Rehman & Kosar Bano, 2021. "Climate Change, Mountain Food Systems, and Emerging Opportunities: A Study from the Hindu Kush Karakoram Pamir Landscape, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Adam Lampert, 2019. "Over-exploitation of natural resources is followed by inevitable declines in economic growth and discount rate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Terrence Kairiza & George D. Kembo, 2019. "Coping with food and nutrition insecurity in Zimbabwe: does household head gender matter?," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Jeetendra Prakash Aryal & Tek B. Sapkota & Ritika Khurana & Arun Khatri-Chhetri & Dil Bahadur Rahut & M. L. Jat, 2020. "Climate change and agriculture in South Asia: adaptation options in smallholder production systems," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 5045-5075, August.
    5. Raúl Córdova & Nicholas J. Hogarth & Markku Kanninen, 2019. "Mountain Farming Systems’ Exposure and Sensitivity to Climate Change and Variability: Agroforestry and Conventional Agriculture Systems Compared in Ecuador’s Indigenous Territory of Kayambi People," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-30, May.
    6. Shobha Poudel & Shinya Funakawa & Hitoshi Shinjo, 2017. "Household Perceptions about the Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security in the Mountainous Region of Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-20, April.
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