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A numerical modeling approach to support decision-making on design of integrated multitrophic aquaculture for efficiently mitigating aquatic waste

Author

Listed:
  • Junbo Zhang

    (The University of Tokyo)

  • Daisuke Kitazawa

    (The University of Tokyo)

  • Chenxing Yang

    (Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology)

Abstract

As a bio-mitigation strategy of aquafarming pollutants, the integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system has been proposed and developed to mitigate the waste produced during co-cultivation. Although there have been considerable implementations of IMTA worldwide, its optimal design needs a further study. Through a numerical modeling approach, this study aims to facilitate decision-making when designing IMTA to more efficiently mitigate the negative change caused by aquaculture. An improved three-dimensional numerical model is adopted to simulate the dynamics of water current and organic waste in Gokasho Bay, Japan. Results show that (1) the maximum main surface water current velocity in Hazama-ura area is less than 10 cm s−1, where nutrient absorbers and/or suspended feeders can easily attach to a substratum; (2) southern-eastern direction water flow is dominant through the year suggesting that seaweeds (e.g., Laminaria japonica, Ulva ohnoi) or mussels (e.g., Mytilus edulis) are better arranged in the same direction; (3) horizontal distribution of organic waste on sea bottom indicates that when releasing sea cucumbers (e.g., Apostichopus japonicus), priority is given to the areas where the accumulated amount of particulate organic waste is high. Our case study provides a general idea on the optimal design of IMTA and can be scaled to the globe, especially regarding decision-making on locations for the extractive organisms. In conclusion, to improve the bio-mitigation efficiency of IMTA, location for nutrient absorbers and/or suspended feeders can be selected based on local water flow, and sea cucumbers need to be placed with a careful consideration of the waste distribution in local area.

Suggested Citation

  • Junbo Zhang & Daisuke Kitazawa & Chenxing Yang, 2016. "A numerical modeling approach to support decision-making on design of integrated multitrophic aquaculture for efficiently mitigating aquatic waste," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 21(8), pages 1247-1261, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:21:y:2016:i:8:d:10.1007_s11027-015-9652-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-015-9652-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mizumukai, Kentaro & Sato, Toru & Tabeta, Sigeru & Kitazawa, Daisuke, 2008. "Numerical studies on ecological effects of artificial mixing of surface and bottom waters in density stratification in semi-enclosed bay and open sea," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 214(2), pages 251-270.
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    3. John Marra, 2005. "When will we tame the oceans?," Nature, Nature, vol. 436(7048), pages 175-176, July.
    4. Ren, Jeffrey S. & Stenton-Dozey, Jeanie & Plew, David R. & Fang, Jianguang & Gall, Mark, 2012. "An ecosystem model for optimising production in integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 246(C), pages 34-46.
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