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Profile Membership of Self-Worth Contingencies Predicts Well-being, Virtues, and Values

Author

Listed:
  • Elizabeth M. Bounds

    (Baylor University)

  • Juliette L. Ratchford

    (Wake Forest University)

  • Sarah A. Schnitker

    (Baylor University)

Abstract

Historically, researchers have conceptualized self-esteem as global self-evaluation; recently, others have suggested that people are selective about what affects their self-worth. Two studies (N = 1,032) used a person-centered approach to examine how six domains of self-worth contingency associate with well-being, virtue, and value outcomes. Latent profile analyses indicated five distinct profiles. Non-contingents (lowest contingency in all domains) reported good well-being outcomes, low self-transcendence and self-enhancement values, and gave the least in a behavioral measure of generosity. Moral Contingents (high contingency in a moral domain; low contingency in other domains) reported the greatest well-being, purpose/meaning, performance virtues, and prosocial virtues, and high self-transcendence and low self-enhancement values. High Contingents (highest contingency in all domains) reported the worst well-being, second-highest others-focused compassion, and high self-transcendence and self-enhancement values. Medium Contingents (moderate contingency in all domains) reported the second-worst ill-being, second-highest purpose, second-highest performance and prosocial virtues, and high self-transcendent and self-enhancement values. Low Contingents (low contingency in all domains) reported the lowest purpose and basic needs satisfaction, and high self-enhancement and low self-transcendent values. Implications for optimal self-esteem and values are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Elizabeth M. Bounds & Juliette L. Ratchford & Sarah A. Schnitker, 2024. "Profile Membership of Self-Worth Contingencies Predicts Well-being, Virtues, and Values," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 1-30, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:25:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1007_s10902-024-00758-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-024-00758-3
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