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Black entrepreneurship in Western Canada: the push and pull factors

Author

Listed:
  • Phil E. Okeke-Ihejirika

    (University of Alberta)

  • Amos Nkrumah

    (Mount Royal University)

  • Jonathan Amoyaw

    (Dalhousie University)

  • Kojo Otoo

    (Entrepreneurial Engagement, The Africa Centre, Calgary Office)

Abstract

Minority entrepreneurs significantly contribute to Canada’s economic development. This contribution to the Canadian economy comes in various forms, including setting up businesses such as convenience stores, ethnic restaurants, and financial services. This paper aims to explore the motivation for entrepreneurship among Black population in Alberta, Canada. Using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the study shows that many Black entrepreneurs are “pulled” rather than “pushed” into entrepreneurship. Although some participants were pushed into entrepreneurship because of labor market exclusion, the majority were opportunity seekers who pursued entrepreneurship as a strategic response to opportunity structures in their environment rather than a reactive response to escape ethnic penalties. This study emphasizes the complex relationships between minorities’ characteristics and resources and the opportunity structures that affect the ability to start a business.

Suggested Citation

  • Phil E. Okeke-Ihejirika & Amos Nkrumah & Jonathan Amoyaw & Kojo Otoo, 2023. "Black entrepreneurship in Western Canada: the push and pull factors," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jglont:v:13:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s40497-023-00360-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s40497-023-00360-6
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