Research on a subway fire evacuation model based on system dynamics

Metro stations are mostly located below ground, connected to the outside would through limited channels; the environment is relatively closed. In the event of fire and other emergencies, the evacuation of people from the station is relatively difficult, and evacuation safety judgment and evacuation method still need further research. In order to study the influencing factors of passenger evacuation in the event of an emergency at a subway station and improve evacuation efficiency, a subway passenger fire evacuation model was constructed and simulated according to the variable relationship and response model of subway passenger fire stress response. Based on the system dynamics method, the subway passenger fire stress response model was constructed to simulate the stress response process. This study shows that after 2 min, with the increase of the proportion of passengers responding to problems, the level of passengers' stress response gradually increased. Evacuation efficiency directly affects evacuation time, and the ability to deal with the problem also directly affects the level of stress response, thereby affecting evacuation efficiency. The research results provide a scientific basis for optimizing emergency evacuation plans and strategies, enhancing passenger safety awareness and emergency capabilities, and ensuring the safe operation of the subway.