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Estimation of Women Beedi Workers in India and Their Socio-economic Condition

Author

Listed:
  • Jagannath Mallick

    (State Bank of India)

  • Sachi Satpathy

    (AF Development Care (AFDC))

Abstract

Women workers continue in the beedi industry due to the unavailability of alternative livelihoods though they are vulnerable and exploited. This remains a poorly understood field of research due to the unavailability of reliable data, which is an obstacle to the effective implementation of various policies and schemes. Even, the number of beedi worker reported by the Ministry of Labour and Employment contains significant discrepancies. These data show that the registered beedi workers have increased in India with a significant decline in the Southern States in the last two decades. We estimate the women beedi employees at the state and district levels and also assess their socio-economic status. We find that the number of women beedi workers in the registered firms has increased in India including the Southern States, and about 80% of beedi workers are women and mainly living in the rural areas. Further, we find that while West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka have the highest number of beedi workers, the highest share of women in the total beedi workforce is found in Andhra Pradesh (95%), Karnataka (91%), and Tamil Nadu (84%). The majority of women beedi workers are illiterate with a lower wage than men’s. The minority mainly Christian followers are significant compared to their population share, and the OBC category is significant among the women beedi workers. More than 90% of the women beedi rollers do not have written job contracts and are not eligible for paid leaves or social security.

Suggested Citation

  • Jagannath Mallick & Sachi Satpathy, 2021. "Estimation of Women Beedi Workers in India and Their Socio-economic Condition," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 64(2), pages 499-521, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijlaec:v:64:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s41027-021-00320-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s41027-021-00320-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. K. Sundaram, 2009. "Measurement of Employment And Unemployment in India : Some Issues," Working Papers id:1950, eSocialSciences.
    2. Mallick, Jagannath, 2012. "Private Investment in ICT Sector of Indian States," Indian Economic Review, Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics, vol. 47(1), pages 33-56.
    3. Jagannath Mallick, 2014. "Regional Convergence Of Economic Growth During Post-Reform Period In India," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 59(02), pages 1-18.
    4. Shamim Ansari, Mohd & Raj, Aparna, 2015. "Socio-Economic Status Of Women Beedi Workers In Bundelkhand Region Of Uttar Pradesh: An Empirical Analysis," UTMS Journal of Economics, University of Tourism and Management, Skopje, Macedonia, vol. 6(1), pages 53-66.
    5. Jagannath Mallick, 2020. "Does Global Economic Integration affect Labour Income Share in India?," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 63(2), pages 291-309, June.
    6. Jagannath Mallick, 2013. "Private investment in India: regional patterns and determinants," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 51(2), pages 515-536, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tobacco; Poverty; Beedi workers; Informal sector; Home-based work; Household analysis; Vulnerability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L66 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
    • I3 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
    • J5 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
    • J7 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination
    • R2 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis

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