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Climate Change Policies, Energy Security and Carbon Dependency Trade-offs for the European Union in the Longer Term

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  • Onno Kuik

Abstract

Energy policy in the European Union faces two major challenges. The first challenge is posed by EUs commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere in the context of the international agreement on climate change. The second challenge is to keep ensuring European security of energy supply, while its dependency on external sources of energy is projected to increase. In this paper, two long-term alternative climate change policy scenarios for Europe are examined. In the first scenario, EU reduces CO2 emission by domestic measures; in the second scenario EU maximizes cooperation with the countries of the former Soviet Union. Impacts on carbon flows between the EU and FSU and on the external energy dependency of the EU are assessed with an applied general equilibrium model, GTAP-E, whose set of energy commodities is expanded with combustible biomass as a renewable and carbon-neutral energy commodity. The results show that there is a trade-off between economic efficiency, energy security and carbon dependency for the EU. The FSU would unambiguously prefer cooperation.
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  • Onno Kuik, 2003. "Climate Change Policies, Energy Security and Carbon Dependency Trade-offs for the European Union in the Longer Term," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 3(3), pages 221-242, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ieaple:v:3:y:2003:i:3:p:221-242
    DOI: 10.1023/B:INEA.0000005625.44125.54
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    1. Hu, Hui & Xie, Nan & Fang, Debin & Zhang, Xiaoling, 2018. "The role of renewable energy consumption and commercial services trade in carbon dioxide reduction: Evidence from 25 developing countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 1229-1244.
    2. Joelsson, Jonas & Gustavsson, Leif, 2012. "Swedish biomass strategies to reduce CO2 emission and oil use in an EU context," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 448-468.
    3. Olga Kiuila & Krzysztof Wójtowicz & Tomasz Żylicz & Leszek Kasek, 2016. "Economic and environmental effects of unilateral climate actions," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 263-278, February.
    4. Timo Busch & Volker Hoffmann, 2009. "Ecology-Driven Real Options: An Investment Framework for Incorporating Uncertainties in the Context of the Natural Environment," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 90(2), pages 295-310, December.

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