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Implications of EU Enlargement on the EU Greenhouse Gas 'Bubble' and Internal Burden Sharing

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  • Axel Michaelowa
  • Regina Betz

Abstract

Currently, the EU-15 forms the only bubble under the Kyoto Protocol and has negotiated an internal burden sharing. A strategic EU climate policy should include accession countries. Thus, even in the case of early ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by 2002, it would be sensible to form a bubble with all countries that are certain to be EU members during the commitment period 2008-2012. Of course due to Art. 4,4 of the Protocol the EU-15 has to stick to its own bubble. However, nothing prevents it from forming an implicit bubble including all first wave countries by inducing them to form a bubble on their own and transfer the surplus to the EU-15. Similarly, second wave countries should form a bubble of their own to co-ordinate JI and permit transfers to the EU. This would reduce the gap between business-as-usual and the target by about 50%. If ratification is delayed to a point where it is clear which second wave countries will be members by 2008, the bubble should be extended by those countries. When in 2005 target negotiations start for the second commitment period, the EU should negotiate a bubble consisting of all states being certain to be members by 2013.
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Suggested Citation

  • Axel Michaelowa & Regina Betz, 2001. "Implications of EU Enlargement on the EU Greenhouse Gas 'Bubble' and Internal Burden Sharing," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 267-279, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ieaple:v:1:y:2001:i:2:p:267-279
    DOI: 10.1023/A:1010137524359
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    Cited by:

    1. Joyeeta Gupta & Lasse Ringius, 2001. "The EU's Climate Leadership: Reconciling Ambition and Reality," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 281-299, April.
    2. Magalhães, Aline Souza & Domingues, Edson, 2009. "Regional inequality and growth: the role of interregional trade in the Brazilian economy," Conference papers 331844, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    3. Bert Metz & Marcel Berk & Marcel Kok & Jelle van Minnen & Andre de Moor & Albert Faber, 2001. "How Can the European Union Contribute to a COP-6 Agreement? An Overview for Policy Makers," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 167-185, April.

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