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Recent developments of safer formulations of agrochemicals

Author

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  • Alan Knowles

    (FORM-AK Formulation Consultancy Services)

Abstract

The primary objectives of formulation technology are to optimise the biological activity of the pesticide, and to give a product which is safe and convenient for use. However, because of the wide variety of pesticide active ingredients which are available, many different types of formulations have been developed depending mainly on the physico-chemical properties of the active ingredients. In the past most formulations were based on simple solutions in water (SL), emulsifiable concentrates in a petroleum-based solvent (EC), or dusts (DP) and wettable powders (WP). The presence of petroleum-based solvents in EC formulations and dusty powders in DP and WP formulations can lead to safety hazards in use and a negative impact on the envirnoment generally. Most government and regulatory authorities are now demanding formulations which are cleaner and safer for the user, have minimal impact on the environment, and can be applied at the lowest dose rate. Developments in formulation technology and novel formulation types, sometimes in special packaging such as water-soluble packs, can also give products a competitive advantage, add value or extend the lif-cycle of active ingredients. There is also a demand from government authorities and consumer groups to use safer formulation additives and adjuvants, and to minimise the residues of pesticides on food crops after spraying. All of these aspects are putting increasing pressure on the development of improved formulation and adjuvant technologies. Pesticide formulations for spray application and for seed treatment are discussed, along with developments in bioenchancement.

Suggested Citation

  • Alan Knowles, 2008. "Recent developments of safer formulations of agrochemicals," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 35-44, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:envsyd:v:28:y:2008:i:1:d:10.1007_s10669-007-9045-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s10669-007-9045-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Vipul Kumar & Bhupendra Koul & Pooja Taak & Dhananjay Yadav & Minseok Song, 2023. "Journey of Trichoderma from Pilot Scale to Mass Production: A Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-37, October.
    2. Katarzyna Godlewska & Anita Biesiada & Izabela Michalak & Paweł Pacyga, 2019. "The Effect of Plant-Derived Biostimulants on White Head Cabbage Seedlings Grown under Controlled Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-30, September.
    3. Darija Lemic & Matej Orešković & Katarina M. Mikac & Marijan Marijan & Slaven Jurić & Kristina Vlahoviček-Kahlina & Marko Vinceković, 2021. "Sustainable Pest Management Using Biodegradable Apitoxin-Loaded Calcium-Alginate Microspheres," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Madan Lal Verma & Ashutosh Kumar & Anjani Devi Chintagunta & Prashant Jeevan Kumar Samudrala & Marc Bardin & Eric Lichtfouse, 2024. "Microbial Production of Biopesticides for Sustainable Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-31, August.

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