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Immune stimulation in fish and chicken through weak low frequency electromagnetic fields

Author

Listed:
  • J. J. M. Cuppen

    (Immunent BV)

  • G. F. Wiegertjes

    (Wageningen University)

  • H. W. J. Lobee

    (Immunent BV)

  • H. F. J. Savelkoul

    (Wageningen University)

  • M. A. Elmusharaf

    (Utrecht University)

  • A. C. Beynen

    (Utrecht University)

  • H. N. A. Grooten

    (FIS BV)

  • W. Smink

    (FIS BV)

Abstract

A hypothesis is proposed how Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (LF EMF) exposure can stimulate an immune response, based on recent insights in immunology. We hypothesize that the Immunent EMF treatment induces mild stress to cells, which then produce cytokines that function as alarms or so called danger signals for the immune system. In this way EMF treatment takes the place of multiplying pathogens, and the damage these cause, in the triggering of an immune response. In a first series of experiments in␣vitro common carp head kidney-derived phagocytes were used to determine ROS production as a measure for immune activation. Exposure to LF EMF signals (200–5,000 Hz) at 5 μT or 1.5 mT led to 42 or 33% increase in immune activity, respectively, compared to negative control values. EMF could also additionally stimulate chemically pre-stimulated samples up to 18% (5 μT) or 22% (1.5 mT). Significance of increase in ROS production in the total series was: p

Suggested Citation

  • J. J. M. Cuppen & G. F. Wiegertjes & H. W. J. Lobee & H. F. J. Savelkoul & M. A. Elmusharaf & A. C. Beynen & H. N. A. Grooten & W. Smink, 2007. "Immune stimulation in fish and chicken through weak low frequency electromagnetic fields," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 577-583, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:envsyd:v:27:y:2007:i:4:d:10.1007_s10669-007-9055-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s10669-007-9055-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yan Shi & James E. Evans & Kenneth L. Rock, 2003. "Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells," Nature, Nature, vol. 425(6957), pages 516-521, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gabi N. Waite & Stéphane J. P. Egot-Lemaire & Walter X. Balcavage, 2011. "A novel view of biologically active electromagnetic fields," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 107-113, June.

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