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Wastewater Reuse Practices in Kuwait

Author

Listed:
  • Jasem M. Alhumoud

    (Kuwait University)

  • Haider S. Behbehani

    (Kuwait University)

  • Tamama H. Abdullah

    (Kuwait University)

Abstract

Water is a scarce commodity in Kuwait. With rapid growth of population coupled with increasing urbanization and agriculture, the demand for water in Kuwait is continually on the increase. The main water source in the country is from desalination with small quantities from underground aquifers. Wastewater effluent at least for irrigation purposes, could be a valuable source to augment this dwindling water supply, and should not continue to be wasted. Reuse of wastewater effluent could both minimize the disposal of water to the environment and reduce the demand on fresh water supplies. This paper discusses the features of reuse, the processes used and standards adopted. Design data, operational results, and physical characteristics for the three wastewater treatment plants (Ardiya, Jahra, and Riqqa) in Kuwait are discussed. In addition, the paper reports on the results of a research study undertaken to determine the willingness, level of awareness and knowledge among the people of Kuwait in using wastewater effluent for different purposes. Cost and benefit analyses were conducted on wastewater effluent and reuse. The study concludes with useful recommendations to both the authorities and the citizens of Kuwait.

Suggested Citation

  • Jasem M. Alhumoud & Haider S. Behbehani & Tamama H. Abdullah, 2003. "Wastewater Reuse Practices in Kuwait," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 117-126, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:envsyd:v:23:y:2003:i:2:d:10.1023_a:1024831503569
    DOI: 10.1023/A:1024831503569
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    Cited by:

    1. Shakhawat Chowdhury & Muhammad Al-Zahrani, 2014. "Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of treated wastewater reuse for agriculture," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 521-538, June.
    2. Weiping Chen & Yanying Bai & Weiling Zhang & Sidan Lyu & Wentao Jiao, 2015. "Perceptions of Different Stakeholders on Reclaimed Water Reuse: The Case of Beijing, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(7), pages 1-15, July.

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