Sustainable agritourism supply chain considering water consumption: a bi-objective mathematical model

Nowadays, the tourism industry critically plays an important role in the economy of many countries. In this regard, one of the significant parts of the tourism industry is agritourism, which is a considerable opportunity for agricultural producers. However, besides the positive impact of the agritourism industry on economy, it may lead to some environmental and social concerns that should be considered. Hence, motivated by the mentioned points, this research focuses on the sustainable agritourism supply chain problem, which simultaneously considers the financial, environmental, and social aspects. To this end, this study proposes a multi-objective mathematical model in which the financial aspect is incorporated into the research problem by maximizing the profits, the environmental aspect is considered by minimizing water consumption, and social impact is incorporated into the proposed model based on human resources. To show the application of the research problem, a real-world case study in Iran is selected, which provides different services such as renting accommodation, selling organic products, and hosting celebrations. Moreover, due to the uncertain nature of the research problem, this study employed the fuzzy chance constraint programming approach, which can lead to obtaining more realistic solutions. Also, to solve the proposed model, the extended goal programming method is applied. The obtained results show that the coefficient of the minimum level of acceptable response to tourists’ demand and the use of volunteer human resources will increase the earnings of the total supply chain with no change in water usage.