Comprehensive review of biomass utilization and gasification for sustainable energy production

The utilization of renewable energy sources, including biomass, solar, and wind, has gained significant attention due to their potential to mitigate environmental impacts and contribute to sustainable energy production. This review paper investigates various aspects of biomass utilization, biogasification using anaerobic digestion, and pretreatment techniques. The study addresses research questions related to conversion techniques, biomass feedstock properties, pretreatment effects, and gasifier characteristics. A structured flow has been followed, which includes literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions. The methodology for analysis of biomass utilization in biogasifiers is done using three different categories of literature: theoretical, contextual, and empirical. This entails reviewing prior research, identifying key factors, and evaluating various biomass forms for future advancements. For data acquisition, reputable sources like Google Scholar are utilized. The findings highlight the potential of specific biomass feedstocks, gasification mechanisms, and pretreatment strategies for maximizing biogas and methane production while minimizing environmental impact. Wheat straw emerges as a promising feedstock, while multistage gasification mechanisms and the utilization of biomass such as wet wood and agricultural residues show favorable outcomes. Alkaline pretreatment and specific gasifier types are identified as influential factors. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, including advanced conversion techniques, comparative studies, and the application of artificial intelligence for optimization. Collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers is encouraged to advance biomass gasification technologies and their sustainable implementation.