Ecological security assessment of urban park landscape using the DPSIR model and EW-PCA method

Urban park landscapes (UPL) play a pivotal role in enhancing urban ecological environment, showcasing modern urban civilization, and elevating the overall environmental quality within the city. However, the increasing pace of urbanization poses a challenge to the ecological security of UPL. This study employs the driving, pressure, state, impact, response model, selecting 27 indicators tailored to UPL characteristics to construct an ecological security assessment system. Utilizing the entropy weight-principal component analysis (EW-PCA) method, the comprehensive assessment index serves as the training dataset for the backpropagation neural network. This UPL ecological security assessment result undergoes optimization and rating for detailed analysis. Examining ecological and economic data for a city between 2001 and 2020, employing the EW-PCA and BPNN methods yielded comprehensive indices of 0.55 and 0.47, respectively. The ecological security of UPL was generally high, with controllable ecological security challenges. Despite variations in 2020, the ecological security levels determined by both methods each year remained consistent and did not surpass the acceptable threshold. The comprehensive assessment results reveal that indicators related to pressure, state, and response significantly impact the landscape ecology security of city parks. This offers a theoretical basis and direction for ecological security governance. The research and assessment findings indicate that the ecological security of UPL generally maintained a favorable level with a fluctuating trend. However, a decline in UPL security in 2019 highlighted emerging issues, particularly the serious threat to the landscape ecology system in the city center. Consequently, strict control over newly added construction land, optimization of construction land distribution, and dynamic monitoring and prevention of industrial plants, roads, and residential areas are crucial. Improvements in the production and living environment of rural residents, enhancement of construction land's intensive utilization, and prevention of large-scale damage to ecological landscapes such as farmland are imperative.