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Assessment of indoor air quality and housing, household and health characteristics in densely populated urban slums

Author

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  • Abhay Anand

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

  • Harish C. Phuleria

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

Abstract

This study provides the first quantitative assessment of seasonal variation in indoor PM2.5 in the high-air pollution risk and densely populated slums in Mumbai, India and estimates the contributions of indoor and outdoor sources to it. Indoor and outdoor 24-h averaged gravimetric PM2.5 (nind = 20 homes, nout = 10 days) was measured during summer (May–June 2016) and winter (January–March 2017). During the summer, real-time PM2.5, Lung Deposited Surface Area and Black Carbon were also measured (nind = 8, nout = 8). Additionally, detailed questionnaire surveys on housing, household and health characteristics were conducted in ~ 500 homes of the seven Mumbai slums. More than 60% of the homes in slums had no separate kitchen or cross-ventilation, especially in low socioeconomic status homes. Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases were reported in 15% and 6% of the households, respectively, with a higher prevalence in homes burning mosquito coils. Significantly higher indoor PM2.5 was observed during winter (111 ± 30 µg/m3) than summer (36 ± 12 µg/m3). Although liquefied petroleum gas was the only indoor cooking fuel reported, the winter-time indoor levels were similar or higher than the concentrations observed in other urban slum homes using biomass fuels for cooking. This could be attributed to the alarmingly high winter-time ambient PM2.5 (192 ± 80 µg/m3) and its larger contribution to indoor PM2.5 (81%). On the other hand, the contribution of indoor and local outdoor sources was significantly higher for Lung Deposited Surface Area (33%) and Black Carbon (43%) compared to PM2.5 (19%), which are more fine and toxicity-relevant particle metrics. Graphic abstract

Suggested Citation

  • Abhay Anand & Harish C. Phuleria, 2022. "Assessment of indoor air quality and housing, household and health characteristics in densely populated urban slums," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(10), pages 11929-11952, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:24:y:2022:i:10:d:10.1007_s10668-021-01923-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01923-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari & Mohammad Shayannejad, 2021. "Quantity and quality modelling of groundwater to manage water resources in Isfahan-Borkhar Aquifer," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 15943-15959, November.
    2. Raul F. C. Miranda & Carolina Grottera & Mario Giampietro, 2016. "Understanding slums: analysis of the metabolic pattern of the Vidigal favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 18(5), pages 1297-1322, October.
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