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Cleaning the river Damodar (India): impact of COVID-19 lockdown on water quality and future rejuvenation strategies

Author

Listed:
  • Baisakhi Chakraborty

    (Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous))

  • Sambhunath Roy

    (Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous))

  • Amit Bera

    (Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology)

  • Partha Pratim Adhikary

    (ICAR Indian Institute Water Management)

  • Biswajit Bera

    (Sidho Kanho Birsha University)

  • Debashish Sengupta

    (Indian Institute of Technology (IIT))

  • Gouri Sankar Bhunia

    (Seacom Skill University)

  • Pravat Kumar Shit

    (Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous))

Abstract

Globally, it is established that the partial lockdown system assists to improve the health of the total environment due to inadequate anthropogenic actions in different economic sectors. The ample research on fitness of environment has been proved that the strict imposition of lockdown was the blessings of environment. The river Damodar has historical significance and lifeline for huge population of Jharkhand and West Bengal state of India but in the recent years the water quality has been deteriorated due to untreated industrial effluents and urban sewage. The main objective of this study is to examine the water quality of river Damodar during and prelockdown phase for domestic use and restoration of river ecosystem. A total of eleven (11) effluent discharge sites were selected in prelockdown and during lockdown phase. A new approach of water quality assessment, i.e., water pollution index (WPI) has been applied in this study. WPI is weightage free, unbiased method to analysis of water quality. The result shows that the physical, chemical and heavy elements were found beyond the standard limit in prelockdown period. The cation and anion were arranged in an order of Na2+ > K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ and Cl− > So4− > No3− > F− in both the sessions. WPI of prelockdown showed that about 100% water samples are of highly polluted. WPI of lockdown period showed that around 90.90% samples improved to ‘good quality’ and 9.10% of samples are of ‘moderately polluted.’ Hypothesis testing by ‘t’ test proved that there was a significant difference (ρ = 0.05%) in values of each parameter between two periods. Null hypothesis was rejected and indicated the improvement of river water quality statistically. Spatial mapping using Arc GIS 10.4 interpolation (IDW) helps to understand spatial intensity of pollution load in two periods. This research study should be helpful for further management and spatial diagnosis of water resource of river Damodar.

Suggested Citation

  • Baisakhi Chakraborty & Sambhunath Roy & Amit Bera & Partha Pratim Adhikary & Biswajit Bera & Debashish Sengupta & Gouri Sankar Bhunia & Pravat Kumar Shit, 2021. "Cleaning the river Damodar (India): impact of COVID-19 lockdown on water quality and future rejuvenation strategies," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 11975-11989, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:8:d:10.1007_s10668-020-01152-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01152-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Sharma, Gagan Deep & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Jain, Mansi & Yadav, Anshita & Srivastava, Mrinalini, 2021. "COVID-19 and environmental concerns: A rapid review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).

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