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Diversified responses to contemporary pressures on sloping agricultural land: Thai farmer’s perception of mountainous landscapes in northern Vietnam

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  • An Thinh Nguyen

    (Vietnam National University)

  • Luc Hens

    (Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO))

Abstract

Mountains cover approximately three quarters of the Vietnam, mainly in the north, west, and central parts of the country. Among the 38 ethnic minorities inhabiting the northern mountains of Vietnam, the Thai population is the second largest. Cultural landscapes and traditional agricultural uplands shaped by the Thai have a long history and represent a mosaic of paddy and vegetable fields along rivers and springs, forests and plantations of trees on slopes. This pattern is now changing significantly, which results in a diversification of the fields shaped by Thai farmers. This study deals with understanding the pressures driving the changes, the new state of the upland agriculture, and the way the Thai of the Son Thinh mountain (Yen Bai, Vietnam) respond to sustain their upland farming systems. Land quality indicators (LQIs) are identified using the pressure–state–response (PSR) framework. Sixty completed questionnaires with 65 closed questions each using a five-point Likert scale were collected in 2016. The results show that Thai farmers nowadays apply a wider-scale solutions to deal with the sustainability of agricultural upland on the slopes as compared to a limited number of traditional farming techniques that were used in the past. Climate change hazards (floods, droughts, landslides, extreme cold, and flash floods), the scarcity of irrigation water, and agricultural land put pressure on the slopes. The most noticeable socioeconomic impacts are migration, population growth, and unstable input and output prices. The most considerable changes in the state of the land quality are soil erosion, land degradation, and local cultivation practices. Modifying cultivation options, applying soil conservation practices, improving indigenous techniques, and implementing agricultural land use policies are the most significant responses to modify land use and its pressures. Responses of the Thai farmers on sustainable sloping land use are put in a structural model with a horizontal diversification strategy. Recommendations concern mainstreaming the local indigenous knowledge on agricultural land use, land management policies, and implementing the LQIs based on PSR framework for sustainable land use planning on the slopes in Vietnam.

Suggested Citation

  • An Thinh Nguyen & Luc Hens, 2021. "Diversified responses to contemporary pressures on sloping agricultural land: Thai farmer’s perception of mountainous landscapes in northern Vietnam," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 5411-5429, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:4:d:10.1007_s10668-020-00822-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00822-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Quang, Dang Viet & Schreinemachers, Pepijn & Berger, Thomas, 2014. "Ex-ante assessment of soil conservation methods in the uplands of Vietnam: An agent-based modeling approach," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 108-119.
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    5. Iven Schad & Petra Schmitter & Andreas Neef & Marc Lamers & La Nguyen & Thomas Hilger & Volker Hoffmann & Camille Saint-Macary, 2012. "Why do people not learn from flood disasters? Evidence from Vietnam’s northwestern mountains," Post-Print hal-01686732, HAL.
    6. Thi Thu Huong Hoang & Anton Van Rompaey & Patrick Meyfroidt & Gerard Govers & Kim Chi Vu & An Thinh Nguyen & Luc Hens & Veerle Vanacker, 2020. "Impact of tourism development on the local livelihoods and land cover change in the Northern Vietnamese highlands," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 1371-1395, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ying Cheng & Yuan Hu & Weizhong Zeng & Zhongbao Liu, 2022. "Farmer Heterogeneity and Land Transfer Decisions Based on the Dual Perspectives of Economic Endowment and Land Endowment," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Yibin Ao & Ling Tan & Qiqi Feng & Liyao Tan & Hongfu Li & Yan Wang & Tong Wang & Yunfeng Chen, 2022. "Livelihood Capital Effects on Famers’ Strategy Choices in Flood-Prone Areas—A Study in Rural China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Cheng, Ying & Hu, Yuan & Zeng, Weizhong & Liu, Zhongbao, 2022. "Farmer heterogeneity and land transfer decisions based on the dual perspectives of economic endowment and land endowment," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 11(3).

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