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Digitalis Use and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Chen Zhang

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Shao-Hua Xie

    (Karolinska University Hospital)

  • Bingfei Xu

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Shi Lu

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Pian Liu

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

Abstract

Introduction Previous epidemiological studies have indicated an increased risk of breast cancer associated with digitalis medication, though results are inconsistent. We performed this systematic review of available epidemiological studies to clarify the association between digitalis use and the risk of breast cancer. Methods A search of studies published through May 2016 in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed, supplemented by manual searches of reference lists. The quality of the included studies was assessed, and relative risks were pooled using both random- and fixed-effect models. Results Three case–control studies and six cohort studies were identified. Meta-analysis generated a pooled relative risk of 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.24–1.46) in both fixed- and random-effect models. The heterogeneity test suggested low heterogeneity across studies. The funnel plot suggested no existence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis by study design revealed an increased risk of breast cancer associated with digitalis use from cohort studies only (relative risk = 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.27–1.52), rather than from case–control studies. Studies with adjustment for tobacco smoking or body mass index generated lower overall estimates than those not adjusted. Conclusions Existing epidemiological evidence regarding the association between digitalis use and the risk of breast cancer remains inconclusive and more well-designed studies are still needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen Zhang & Shao-Hua Xie & Bingfei Xu & Shi Lu & Pian Liu, 2017. "Digitalis Use and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 285-292, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:drugsa:v:40:y:2017:i:4:d:10.1007_s40264-016-0484-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0484-z
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    Cited by:

    1. Frank A. Sloan, 2024. "Subjective beliefs, health, and health behaviors," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 69(2), pages 105-144, October.

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