IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/circec/v4y2024i3d10.1007_s43615-024-00361-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pyrolysis Gas Analysis of Ethylene-vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Poly-vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Polymers Encapsulated in c-Si Photovoltaic Solar Module to Facilitate Recycling

Author

Listed:
  • Krishan Kumar Patel

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
    Oriental college of Technology)

  • Sudhanshu Mallick

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

Abstract

A detailed analysis of the gases evolved during pyrolysis of the End-of-Life (EOL) crystalline silicon photovoltaic (c-Si PV) solar module, focusing on recycling strategies has been reported herein. PV modules encapsulated with Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) – with and without Poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer backsheet were pyrolyzed at 500 °C and evolve gases was collected in the gas cell. Further another sets; pyrolysis gases at 500 °C passes through a water bubbler, and 700 °C pre-heated burner and end gases were collected in gas cell. This study utilizes Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyse the collected gases. This would help determine the appropriate processing conditions to minimize the environmental impact of EOL recycling of PV modules by pyrolysis. Surface morphology, glass transmittance, and peel adhesion of PV module glass and EVA were characterized to facilitate re-lamination of new modules using recycled glass. Experimental findings include specific toxic gas emission observed with PVDF pyrolysis, the impact of burner and water bubbler treatments on gas emissions, minimal reduction in glass transmittance, and peel adhesion retention in recycled glass. This suggesting a potential recycling approach involving pyrolysis at 500 °C, followed by gas passes through water bubbler, to minimize environmental impact, while reusing recycled glass for new module fabrication. The best recycling steps also proposed for future research work on complete recycling of c-Si PV modules.

Suggested Citation

  • Krishan Kumar Patel & Sudhanshu Mallick, 2024. "Pyrolysis Gas Analysis of Ethylene-vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Poly-vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Polymers Encapsulated in c-Si Photovoltaic Solar Module to Facilitate Recycling," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 4(3), pages 1835-1850, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:circec:v:4:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s43615-024-00361-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s43615-024-00361-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s43615-024-00361-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s43615-024-00361-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vishnu S Prabhu & Shraddha Shrivastava & Kakali Mukhopadhyay, 2022. "Life Cycle Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic in India: A Circular Economy Approach," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 2(2), pages 507-534, June.
    2. McDonald, N.C. & Pearce, J.M., 2010. "Producer responsibility and recycling solar photovoltaic modules," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(11), pages 7041-7047, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kang, Sukmin & Yoo, Sungyeol & Lee, Jina & Boo, Bonghyun & Ryu, Hojin, 2012. "Experimental investigations for recycling of silicon and glass from waste photovoltaic modules," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 152-159.
    2. Alyami, Saleh. H. & Rezgui, Yacine & Kwan, Alan, 2013. "Developing sustainable building assessment scheme for Saudi Arabia: Delphi consultation approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 43-54.
    3. Hui Fang Yu & Md. Hasanuzzaman & Nasrudin Abd Rahim & Norridah Amin & Noriah Nor Adzman, 2022. "Global Challenges and Prospects of Photovoltaic Materials Disposal and Recycling: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-41, July.
    4. Ronnie D. Lipschutz & Dustin Mulvaney, 2013. "The road not taken, round II: centralized vs. distributed energy strategies and human security," Chapters, in: Hugh Dyer & Maria Julia Trombetta (ed.), International Handbook of Energy Security, chapter 22, pages 483-506, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Michael Redlinger & Roderick Eggert & Michael Woodhouse, 2014. "Evaluating the Availability of Gallium, Indium, and Tellurium from Recycled Photovoltaic Modules," Working Papers 2014-09, Colorado School of Mines, Division of Economics and Business.
    6. Aotian Song & Lin Lu & Zhizhao Liu & Man Sing Wong, 2016. "A Study of Incentive Policies for Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Technology in Hong Kong," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-21, August.
    7. Farrell, C.C. & Osman, A.I. & Doherty, R. & Saad, M. & Zhang, X. & Murphy, A. & Harrison, J. & Vennard, A.S.M. & Kumaravel, V. & Al-Muhtaseb, A.H. & Rooney, D.W., 2020. "Technical challenges and opportunities in realising a circular economy for waste photovoltaic modules," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    8. Jain, Suresh & Sharma, Tanya & Gupta, Anil Kumar, 2022. "End-of-life management of solar PV waste in India: Situation analysis and proposed policy framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    9. Chelsea Schelly & Don Lee & Elise Matz & Joshua M. Pearce, 2021. "Applying a Relationally and Socially Embedded Decision Framework to Solar Photovoltaic Adoption: A Conceptual Exploration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
    10. Goe, Michele & Gaustad, Gabrielle, 2014. "Strengthening the case for recycling photovoltaics: An energy payback analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 41-48.
    11. Cherrington, R. & Goodship, V. & Meredith, J. & Wood, B.M. & Coles, S.R. & Vuillaume, A. & Feito-Boirac, A. & Spee, F. & Kirwan, K., 2012. "Producer responsibility: Defining the incentive for recycling composite wind turbine blades in Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 13-21.
    12. Paiano, Annarita, 2015. "Photovoltaic waste assessment in Italy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 99-112.
    13. Songi Kim & Bongju Jeong, 2016. "Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model for a Photovoltaic System Manufacturer with Internal and External Recycling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-17, June.
    14. Ornella Malandrino & Daniela Sica & Mario Testa & Stefania Supino, 2017. "Policies and Measures for Sustainable Management of Solar Panel End-of-Life in Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-15, March.
    15. Cyrs, William D. & Avens, Heather J. & Capshaw, Zachary A. & Kingsbury, Robert A. & Sahmel, Jennifer & Tvermoes, Brooke E., 2014. "Landfill waste and recycling: Use of a screening-level risk assessment tool for end-of-life cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) panels," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 524-533.
    16. Wu, Yunna & Xu, Minjia & Tao, Yao & He, Jiaming & Liao, Yijia & Wu, Man, 2022. "A critical barrier analysis framework to the development of rural distributed PV in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    17. Yan Li & Ge Wang & Bo Shen & Qi Zhang & Boyu Liu & Ruoxi Xu, 2021. "Conception and policy implications of photovoltaic modules end‐of‐life management in China," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(1), January.
    18. Parisi, Maria Laura & Maranghi, Simone & Basosi, Riccardo, 2014. "The evolution of the dye sensitized solar cells from Grätzel prototype to up-scaled solar applications: A life cycle assessment approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 124-138.
    19. Jongwon Ko & Kyunghwan Kim & Ji Woo Sohn & Hongjun Jang & Hae-Seok Lee & Donghwan Kim & Yoonmook Kang, 2023. "Review on Separation Processes of End-of-Life Silicon Photovoltaic Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, May.
    20. Jinjian Cao & Chul Hun Choi & Fu Zhao, 2021. "Agent-Based Modeling for By-Product Metal Supply—A Case Study on Indium," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-28, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:circec:v:4:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s43615-024-00361-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.