Emergence of open supply chain management: the role of open innovation in the future smart industry using digital twin network

Alongside many research studies that have been presented in the open innovation domain and smart manufacturing systems, there is a research gap on integrating the outbound individual capabilities with the new smart manufacturing machines to satisfy the customers' varied and uncertain requirements. In this paper, Open Supply Chain Management (OSCM) is conceptualized as a new paradigm in the evolution of SCM. Companies can benefit from integrated physical and conceptual resources to promote efficiency and flexibility throughout the supply chain's main processes, including supplying, manufacturing, distributing, and marketing. The OSCM concept is undergoing several drivers including crowdsourcing, open innovation, Industry 4.0, cloud manufacturing, Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and the digital twin that appeared in the last decades. To validate OSCM in practice, a subset of this concept is investigated to incorporate the designing process with supply chain production planning applying a digital twin network. Additionally, dealing with epistemic uncertainty, a fuzzy tactical planning model is developed, and to study the developed model in more detail, an industrial study in the clothes manufacturing industry is employed. The results illustrate that the products' designing cost consists of only 2% of the supply chain total cost.