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A linear programming primer: from Fourier to Karmarkar

Author

Listed:
  • Atlanta Chakraborty

    (Indian Institute of Science)

  • Vijay Chandru

    (Indian Institute of Science)

  • M. R. Rao

    (Indian School of Business)

Abstract

The story of linear programming is one with all the elements of a grand historical drama. The original idea of testing if a polyhedron is non-empty by using a variable elimination to project down one dimension at a time until a tautology emerges dates back to a paper by Fourier in 1823. This gets re-invented in the 1930s by Motzkin. The real interest in linear programming happens during World War II when mathematicians ponder best ways of utilising resources at a time when they are constrained. The problem of optimising a linear function over a set of linear inequalities becomes the focus of the effort. Dantzig’s Simplex Method is announced and the Rand Corporation becomes a hot bed of computational mathematics. The range of applications of this modelling approach grows and the powerful machinery of numerical analysis and numerical linear algebra becomes a major driver for the advancement of computing machines. In the 1970s, constructs of theoretical computer science indicate that linear programming may in fact define the frontier of tractable problems that can be solved effectively on large instances. This raised a series of questions and answers: Is the Simplex Method a polynomial-time method and if not can we construct novel polynomial time methods, etc. And that is how the Ellipsoid Method from the Soviet Union and the Interior Point Method from Bell Labs make their way into this story as the heroics of Khachiyan and Karmarkar. We have called this paper a primer on linear programming since it only gives the reader a quick narrative of the grand historical drama. Hopefully it motivates a young reader to delve deeper and add another chapter.

Suggested Citation

  • Atlanta Chakraborty & Vijay Chandru & M. R. Rao, 2020. "A linear programming primer: from Fourier to Karmarkar," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 287(2), pages 593-616, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:annopr:v:287:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s10479-019-03186-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s10479-019-03186-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael J. Todd, 1994. "Commentary—Theory and Practice for Interior-Point Methods," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 6(1), pages 28-31, February.
    2. I. Adler & S. Cosares, 1991. "A Strongly Polynomial Algorithm for a Special Class of Linear Programs," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 39(6), pages 955-960, December.
    3. Robert E. Bixby, 1994. "Commentary—Progress in Linear Programming," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 6(1), pages 15-22, February.
    4. Nimrod Megiddo, 1991. "On Finding Primal- and Dual-Optimal Bases," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 3(1), pages 63-65, February.
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