IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/shc/jaresh/v16y2024i2p312-332.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigating The Factors Affecting The Income Distribution On The Afghan Economy With Emphasis On Taxes

Author

Listed:
  • BEHROUZ SADEGHI AMROABADI
  • SEYED AMIN MANSOURI
  • MOHAMMAD ALI AHMADI

Abstract

One of the most important tools for adjusting the income distribution is tax. By imposing taxes on the income and wealth of individuals, governments can, in addition to financing their own expenses, use this tool to reduce the income gap and make the necessary adjustments in the distribution of income. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the income distribution by emphasizing the types of taxes in the Afghan economy. In this research, data collected by library and statistical methods, WDI 2021 and Global Inequality Database during 1971 to 2020, and for data analysis, OLS and GMM time series econometric models use in this research. The results of different research models show that the tax on the consumption of a tax is on the path of injustice and inequality, because it receives a tax in equal proportions from all members of society. The most important proposal in this regard is to create an exponential tax mechanism. The research also shows that trade taxes will increase the price of domestic consumer goods, resulting in inflation and increased income inequality. The results also show that increasing profit tax will reduce corporate profits and, of course, reduce income inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi & Seyed Amin Mansouri & Mohammad Ali Ahmadi, 2024. "Investigating The Factors Affecting The Income Distribution On The Afghan Economy With Emphasis On Taxes," Journal of Academic Research in Economics, Spiru Haret University, Faculty of Accounting and Financial Management Constanta, vol. 16(2 (July)), pages 312-332.
  • Handle: RePEc:shc:jaresh:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:312-332
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.jare-sh.com/downloads/jul_2024/amroabadi.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thomas Piketty & Li Yang & Gabriel Zucman, 2019. "Capital Accumulation, Private Property, and Rising Inequality in China, 1978–2015," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(7), pages 2469-2496, July.
    2. Emmanuel Saez & Gabriel Zucman, 2020. "The Rise of Income and Wealth Inequality in America: Evidence from Distributional Macroeconomic Accounts," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 34(4), pages 3-26, Fall.
    3. Ali Enami & Nora Lustig & Alireza Taqdiri, 2019. "Fiscal policy, inequality, and poverty in Iran: assessing the impact and effectiveness of taxes and transfers," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 49-74, January.
    4. Annette Alstadsæter & Niels Johannesen & Gabriel Zucman, 2019. "Tax Evasion and Inequality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(6), pages 2073-2103, June.
    5. Mr. Ke-young Chu & Mr. Hamid R Davoodi & Mr. Sanjeev Gupta, 2000. "Income Distribution and Tax and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries," IMF Working Papers 2000/062, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Anneli Kaasa, 2003. "Factors Influencing Income Inequality In Transition Economies," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 18, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
    7. Amartya K. Sen, 1997. "From Income Inequality to Economic Inequality," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 64(2), pages 384-401, October.
    8. Davoud Mahmoudinia & Behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi, 2023. "Good governance and financial crises: a global evidence," Global Business and Economics Review, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 29(2), pages 181-211.
    9. Farhad Taghizadeh‐Hesary & Naoyuki Yoshino & Sayoko Shimizu, 2020. "The impact of monetary and tax policy on income inequality in Japan," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(10), pages 2600-2621, October.
    10. Wiljan van den Berge & Egbert Jongen & Karen van der Wiel, 2023. "The effects of a tax deduction for lifelong learning expenditures," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 30(3), pages 729-756, June.
    11. Sen, Amartya, 1997. "On Economic Inequality," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198292975.
    12. Chu, Ke-Young & Davoodi, Hamid & Gupta, Sanjeev, 2000. "Income Distribution and Tax, and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries," WIDER Working Papers 295547, United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    13. John Komlos, 2020. "Across-the-Board Tax Cuts Generate Inequality," Challenge, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 63(2), pages 90-97, March.
    14. Sadeghi Amroabadi, Behrouz, 2022. "Analyzing the Asymmetric Cumulative Effects of Rentier State on Income Inequality in Mena Countries," Quarterly Journal of Applied Theories of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Business, University of Tabriz, vol. 9(3), pages 113-146, December.
    15. Segun Idowu Adeniyi & Babalola Rapheal Adesunloro, 2017. "Electronic Taxation And Tax Evasion In Nigeria: A Study Of Lagos State," Journal of Academic Research in Economics, Spiru Haret University, Faculty of Accounting and Financial Management Constanta, vol. 9(1 (March)), pages 122-129.
    16. Binder, Carola, 2019. "Inequality and the inflation tax," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 1-1.
    17. Ke-Young Chu & Hamid Davoodi & Sanjeev Gupta, 2000. "Income Distribution and Tax, and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2000-214, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    18. Tiantian Dai & Shenyi Jiang & Xiangbo Liu & Wen Wang, 2016. "The Impact of Internet Sales Tax in a Search Model of Money: Some Analytical Results," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 17(1), pages 133-144, May.
    19. Thomas A. Lubik & Massimiliano Marzo, 2021. "Fiscal Policy Perceptions in a Behavioral New Keynesian Model," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 22(2), pages 255-287, November.
    20. Ciminelli, Gabriele & Ernst, Ekkehard & Merola, Rossana & Giuliodori, Massimo, 2019. "The composition effects of tax-based consolidation on income inequality," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 107-124.
    21. Bruno Bises & Francesco Bloise & Antonio Scialà, 2024. "Labor share as an "automatic stabilizer" of income inequality," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 31(2), pages 511-532, April.
    22. Ben S. Bernanke, 2020. "The New Tools of Monetary Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(4), pages 943-983, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Parro, Francisco, 2024. "Unveiling the impact of income taxes on inequality in a HACT model," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    2. Dhital, Saroj & Jiang, Senyuan & Reese, Jillian, 2023. "Effects of monetary and government spending policy on economic inequality," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    3. Majid Sameti & Leila Rafie, 2010. "Interaction of Income Distribution, Taxes and Economic Growth (The Case of Iran and Some Selected East Asian Countries)," Iranian Economic Review (IER), Faculty of Economics,University of Tehran.Tehran,Iran, vol. 15(1), pages 67-81, winter.
    4. Alari Paulus, 2004. "Income Inequality and its Decomposition: the Case of Estonia," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, in: Modelling the Economies of the Baltic Sea Region, volume 17, chapter 7, pages 206-235, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
    5. Ms. Sonali Jain-Chandra & Niny Khor & Rui Mano & Johanna Schauer & Mr. Philippe Wingender & Juzhong Zhuang, 2018. "Inequality in China – Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies," IMF Working Papers 2018/127, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Herwig Immervoll & Horacio Levy & José Ricardo Nogueira & Cathal O´Donoghue & Rozane Bezerra de Siqueira, 2005. "The Impact of Brazil´s Tax-Benefit System on Inequality and Poverty," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 117, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research.
    7. Marina Dodlova & Anna Gioblas, 2017. "Regime type, inequality, and redistributive transfers in developing countries," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-30, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    8. Kalle Hirvonen & Giulia Mascagni & Keetie Roelen, 2018. "Linking taxation and social protection: Evidence on redistribution and poverty reduction in Ethiopia," International Social Security Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 71(1), pages 3-24, January.
    9. Palić Irena & Hodžić Sabina & Dumičić Ksenija, 2019. "Personal Income Taxation Determinants in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina," Business Systems Research, Sciendo, vol. 10(1), pages 153-163, April.
    10. Sonali Jain-Chandra & Tidiane Kinda & Kalpana Kochhar & Shi Piao & Johanna Schauer, 2019. "Sharing the Growth Dividend: Analysis of Inequality in Asia," Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 2(12), pages 5-28, September.
    11. Conrad Scheibe, 2016. "Fiscal Consolidations and Their Effects on Income Inequality," UCL SSEES Economics and Business working paper series 2016-4, UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES).
    12. Cont, Walter & Porto, Alberto, 2014. "Personal and regional redistribution through public finance in a federal setting," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(4), pages 563-578.
    13. Tabi Atemnkeng Johannes & Tafah Akwi & Peter Etoh Anzah, 2006. "The Distributive Impact of Fiscal Policy in Cameroon: Tax and Benefit Incidence," Working Papers PMMA 2006-16, PEP-PMMA.
    14. James Scott, 2012. "Squeezing the state: tariff revenue, state capacity and the WTO’s Doha Round," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series 16912, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    15. Rodrigo Cubero & Ivanna Vladkova Hollar, 2010. "Equity and Fiscal Policy: The Income Distribution Effects of Taxation and Social Spending in Central America," IMF Working Papers 2010/112, International Monetary Fund.
    16. Hillman, Arye L., 2002. "The World Bank and the persistence of poverty in poor countries," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 783-795, November.
    17. Wolf, Rayan & Mohamed, Abdoulaye Aboubacari & Gomes, Fabrício Sepulveda & Gurgel, Angelo Costa & Teixeira, Erly c., 2021. "Impacts of a Tax Elimination on Consumption of Food and Agricultural Products in Brazil," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 314958, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    18. Cornia, Giovanni Andrea & Rosignoli, Stefano & Tiberti, Luca, 2007. "Globalisation and health: impact pathways and recent evidence," Center for Global, International and Regional Studies, Working Paper Series qt2358z815, Center for Global, International and Regional Studies, UC Santa Cruz.
    19. Blackburn, Keith & Forgues-Puccio, Gonzalo F., 2007. "Distribution and development in a model of misgovernance," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(6), pages 1534-1563, August.
    20. Andy McKay, 2002. "Assessing the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Poverty," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2002-43, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Income Distribution; Inequality; Afghanistan Economy; Consumption Tax; Profit Tax; Trade Tax.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • F38 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Financial Policy: Financial Transactions Tax; Capital Controls

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:shc:jaresh:v:16:y:2024:i:2:p:312-332. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Claudiu Chiru (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/fcuspro.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.