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Polskie migracje zarobkowe na początku XXI wieku – znaczenie sieci migracyjnych

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  • Anna Barwińska-Małajowicz

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zmian w znaczeniu sieci migracyjnych dla współczesnych zagranicznych migracji zarobkowych Polaków. Realizacja celu wymagała odwołania się do najważniejszych teoretycznych koncepcji w zakresie procesów migracyjnych oraz syntetycznej charakterystyki zasobów sieciowych i funkcji sieci, w kontekście ich znaczenia dla homo oeconomicus oraz homo dictyous. Nie bez znaczenia było ponadto określenie roli zaufania, jako elementu wzmacniającego sieć migracyjną, jak również pokazanie znaczenia migracyjnego kapitału społecznego („pomostowego” i „wiążącego”) oraz sieci (formalnych i nieformalnych) dla rozwoju procesów migracyjnych. Część teoretyczną przedstawiono w oparciu o wykorzystanie literatury przedmiotu. Natomiast podstawą analizy znaczenia i przemian kapitału migracyjnego oraz sieci migracyjnych były wyniki zastanych badań empirycznych, skonfrontowane z wynikami badań własnych, zrealizowanych w 2010 r. wśród polskich i niemieckich studentów i absolwentów uczelni w miastach partnerskich: Rzeszowie i Bielefeld. Wśród konkluzji, na szczególną uwagę zasługują dwa wnioski. Po pierwsze, niełatwym zadaniem jest znalezienie klucza wyjaśniającego proces zmian w zakresie znaczenia i poziomu migracyjnego kapitału społecznego oraz przemian roli sieci migracyjnych w ostatnim czasie. W okresie poakcesyjnym obserwujemy bowiem z jednej strony wzrost znaczenia sieci migracyjnych, z drugiej osłabienie powiązań, przy czym zmiany te w niektórych sytuacjach dotyczą sieci nieformalnych, kiedy indziej sieci formalnych. Ponadto, przeprowadzona analiza dostarcza istotnych przesłanek, które potwierdzają zachodzące w ostatnim czasie ważne przemiany znaczenia sieci dla zjawisk migracyjnych, przy czym problem ten (ze względu na swoją złożoność i interdyscyplinarny charakter) wymaga podjęcia dalszych działań badawczych.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Barwińska-Małajowicz, 2012. "Polskie migracje zarobkowe na początku XXI wieku – znaczenie sieci migracyjnych," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 7-8, pages 117-141.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2012:i:7-8:p:117-141
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    zagraniczne migracje zarobkowe; migracyjny kapitał społeczny; kapitał wiążący; kapitał pomostowy; sieci migracyjne;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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