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Манипулирование прибылью российскими компаниями при первичном размещении акций // Earnings Management by Russian Сompanies at the Initial Public Offering

Author

Listed:
  • E. Nikulin D.

    (St. Petersburg State university, Graduate School of Management Institute)

  • A. Sviridov A.

    (St. Petersburg State university, Graduate School of Management Institute)

  • Е. Никулин Д.

    (Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Институт «Высшая школа менеджмента»)

  • А. Свиридов А.

    (Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Институт «Высшая школа менеджмента»)

Abstract

The article discloses the issues related to the manipulation of earnings (earnings management) by Russian companies at the initial public offering (the initial public offering, hereinafter IPO). The ability to manage earnings is initially embedded in accounting standards that allow various accounting alternatives. The earnings management virtually can be not only legal, but also illegal (fraudulent). Illegal earnings management can also lead to bankruptcy. Considering possible negative effect for both the company and its counterparties, it should be analyzed when the earnings management is used and by what means. The increase in capital attracted to a company as a result of IPO is traditionally regarded as one of the most common reasons for the earnings management. The issue has been actively studied by foreign researchers (primarily in developed markets) while Russian companies basically lack such studies. This fact makes the current work relevant. The objective of the article is to determine the accounting tools for the earnings management in Russian companies at the initial public offering. The research has used a sample of 66 Russian companies that carried out IPOs on Russian trading floors from 2004 to 2016. For the analysis, a peer company which did not make an IPO in the corresponding year was selected for each of these companies. The necessary information has been collected from the SKRIN, Thomson Reuters, Prequeca and Zephyr databases. Correlation and regression analysis and mean-comparison statistical tests have been used. According to the study results, Russian companies manage earnings in the year of their IPO. In the same year, the IPO companies show higher values of abnormal receivables and inventories compared to the peers which did not make an IPO. This result indicates the intention of the companies offering the shares to inflate their profts. The article also shows that the earnings management level of IPO frms is inversely related to the subsequent proftability of the company’s shares both within three-year and fve-year periods. The research results are signifcant for a wide range of external users of the company’s accounting information. In particular, potential investors can consider the results while analyzing the frms whose shares they intend to buy at the IPO. Government bodies can use the relevant results to analyze the feasibility of changes in accounting standards, as well as in the legislation regulating the placement of securities by companies. В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с манипулированием прибылью (earnings management) российскими компаниями при осуществлении ими первичного размещения акций (initial public offering, далее IPO). Возможность манипулирования прибылью изначально заложена в учетные стандарты, которые допускают наличие различных учетных альтернатив. На практике манипулирование прибылью может иметь не только легальный, но и нелегальный (мошеннический) характер. Нелегальное манипулирование может приводить, в том числе, и к банкротству компаний. Учитывая возможные негативные последствия, которые может иметь манипулирование прибылью, как для самой компании, так и для ее контрагентов, представляется необходимым проводить анализ того, в каких ситуациях и с помощью каких инструментов компании склонны манипулировать прибылью. Увеличение привлеченного в компанию капитала по результатам IPO традиционно рассматривается как один из наиболее распространенных мотивов организации для манипулирования прибылью. Несмотря на то что данная проблема активно изучалась зарубежными исследователями (прежде всего, на развитых рынках), по российским компаниям подобные исследования практически отсутствуют, что обусловливает актуальность настоящей работы. Целью статьи является определение учетных инструментов манипулирования прибылью российскими компаниями при первичном размещении акций. В работе исследовалась выборка, состоящая из 66 российских компаний, осуществивших IPO на российских торговых площадках в период с 2004 по 2016 г. В целях анализа для каждой из этих компаний была подобрана компания-аналог, которая не осуществляла IPO в соответствующий год. Для сбора необходимой информации использовались базы данных СКРИН, Thomson Reuters, Prequeca, Zephyr. Использовались корреляционно-регрессионный анализ и статистические тесты сравнения средних. Результаты исследования показывают, что российские компании осуществляют манипулирование прибылью в год выхода на IPO. Компании, выходящие на IPO, демонстрируют более высокие значения абнормальной дебиторской задолженности и запасов по сравнению с компаниями-аналогами, не осуществлявшими IPO в том же году. Данный результат свидетельствует о намерении компаний, размещающих акции, завысить свою прибыль. В работе также показано, что уровень манипулирования прибылью при IPO обратно взаимосвязан с последующей доходностью акций компании как на трехлетнем, так и на пятилетнем промежутках. Результаты исследования имеют значение для широкого круга внешних пользователей учетной информации компании. В частности, потенциальные инвесторы могут учитывать результаты работы при анализе компаний, акции которых они собираются приобретать, а государственные органы могут использовать соответствующие результаты для анализа целесообразности внесения изменений в учетные стандарты, а также в законодательство, регулирующее размещение ценных бумаг компаниями.

Suggested Citation

  • E. Nikulin D. & A. Sviridov A. & Е. Никулин Д. & А. Свиридов А., 2019. "Манипулирование прибылью российскими компаниями при первичном размещении акций // Earnings Management by Russian Сompanies at the Initial Public Offering," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 23(1), pages 147-164.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2019:i:1:p:147-164
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Enomoto, Masahiro & Kimura, Fumihiko & Yamaguchi, Tomoyasu, 2015. "Accrual-based and real earnings management: An international comparison for investor protection," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 183-198.
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