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Валютный Контроль При Свободном Движении Капитала // Foreign Currency Control In Case Of Free Movement Of Capital

Author

Listed:
  • A. Levashenko D.

    (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration)

  • A. Koval’ A.

    (Russian Foreign Trade Academy Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation)

  • А. Левашенко Д.

    (Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации)

  • А. Коваль А.

    (Всероссийская академия внешней торговли (ВАВТ), Минэкономразвития России)

Abstract

The current practice of foreign currency control in Russia is based on the mechanisms that were formed during the period of the Soviet administrative and command economy. The approaches applied in Russia to foreign currency regulation and foreign currency control (repatriation requirements, closed list of operations for crediting funds to foreign accounts) create barriers for the Russian business and citizens, significantly complicating the procedure for their foreign economic activity. At the same time, the existing restrictions, in conditions when the requirements for the sale of a part of foreign currency earnings and other restrictions on the movement of capital are not applied, do not ensure the achievement of macroeconomic goals, which are laid down in the preamble of the act “On foreign currency regulation and foreign currency control”. The foreign currency act in Russia does not currently ensure the achievement of the goals for which it was adopted. In practice, the act solves the tax objectives and the tasks of combating the legalization of criminal revenue. Developed countries and members of the Organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) do not use similar mechanisms to control the movement of funds. At the same time, foreign countries are actively developing instruments to control cross-border cash flows within the framework of legislation on combating money laundering and financing of terrorism, as well as in the framework of improving the mechanisms of international exchange of financial information for tax purposes. The authors propose a reform of the current foreign currency regulation aimed at the abolition of currency restrictions and the development of alternative mechanisms for controlling the cross-border movement of funds by improving the international exchange of tax information, including automatic one, as well as improving the effectiveness of measures to combat money laundering in international trade. Сложившаяся в России практика валютного контроля основывается на механизмах, которые были сформированы еще в период административно-командной экономики. Применяемые в России подходы к валютному регулированию и валютному контролю (требование репатриации, закрытый перечень операций по зачислению денежных средств на зарубежные счета) создают барьеры для российского бизнеса и граждан, существенно усложняя порядок осуществления ими внешнеэкономической деятельности. При этом существующие ограничения в условиях неприменения требования продажи части валютной выручки и других препятствий для движения капитала не обеспечивают достижения макроэкономических целей, которые заложены в преамбуле Федерального закона «О валютном регулировании и валютном контроле». Валютный закон в России в настоящее время не обеспечивает достижение целей, ради которых он был принят. Закон на практике решает налоговые задачи и задачи противодействия легализации преступных доходов. Развитые страны и члены Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР) не используют аналогичных механизмов для контроля за движением средств. Вместе с тем зарубежные страны активно развивают инструменты контроля за трансграничным движением денежных средств в рамках законодательства о противодействии отмыванию денежных средств, полученных преступным путем, и финансированию терроризму, а также в рамках совершенствования механизмов международного обмена финансовой информацией в налоговых целях. Авторами статьи предложена реформа действующего валютного регулирования, направленная на отмену валютных ограничений и развитие альтернативных механизмов контроля за трансграничным движением денежных средств за счет совершенствования международного налогового обмена, в том числе автоматического, а также повышения эффективности мер по противодействию отмыванию преступных доходов в международной торговле.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Levashenko D. & A. Koval’ A. & А. Левашенко Д. & А. Коваль А., 2018. "Валютный Контроль При Свободном Движении Капитала // Foreign Currency Control In Case Of Free Movement Of Capital," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 22(4), pages 76-87.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2018:i:4:p:76-87
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aizenman, Joshua & Pasricha, Gurnain Kaur, 2013. "Why do emerging markets liberalize capital outflow controls? Fiscal versus net capital flow concerns," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 28-64.
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    3. Andrés Fernández & Michael W Klein & Alessandro Rebucci & Martin Schindler & Martín Uribe, 2016. "Capital Control Measures: A New Dataset," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 64(3), pages 548-574, August.
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