IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/scn/financ/y2018i4p52-75.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Численная Оценка Стоимости Жизни Человека В России И В Мире // Quantitative Assessment Of The Value Of Human Life In Russia And In The World

Author

Listed:
  • А. Zubets N.

    (Financial university)

  • А. Novikov V.

    (Financial university)

  • А. Зубец Н.

    (Финансовый университет)

  • А. Новиков В.

    (Финансовый университет)

Abstract

The authors of the article present modern approaches to the assessment of the value of human life abroad and in contemporary Russia, which can be used to determine the fair amount of compensation payments to victims in emergency situations of various natures. To this end, a wide range of initial data was used: the results of Russian and international sociological surveys, statistics of Rosstat, the World Bank, and other international databases. The analysis of the legislation carried out by the authors showed that the value of human life in Russia fixed in the normative acts is from 0.5 to 9.2 million roubles. The authors obtained estimates of material losses for the national economy due to the premature death of the average person as a result of emergency situations and for the individual household — they amount to 31.7 and 7.9–10.5 million roubles respectively (in 2017 prices). The authors also provided estimates of the value of the life of the average person in Russia, obtained on the basis of sociological surveys conducted in 2017. The average value of human life in Russia, obtained by methods of sociology, is 5.2 million roubles; the median value is 1.4 million roubles. The article presents the author’s method of assessing the value of human life, taking into account the material and moral damage caused to the family of the deceased, built on the balance of average life expectancy, per capita final consumption, and satisfaction of the population of different countries with their lives. As an equivalent of people’s satisfaction with their lives, the authors also used data on the level of domestic violence in society and the balance of migration flows, both at the national and regional levels. Within the framework of this method, the value of the life of the average person is the average increase in the level of individual consumption, necessary to restore a normal level of satisfaction with their lives in conditions of increased mortality and reduction of the average life expectancy. The article presents also the author’s calculations performed by this method for different groups of countries. It is shown that the total value of human life in the world as a whole is 4.6–4.7 million uS dollars in 2011 prices. In the group of countries with per capita consumption of more than 10 thousand uS dollars the value of human life reaches 18.5 million dollars per year. In the group of countries with incomes below this mark, the value of human life reaches 0.5–1.9 million dollars. According to the authors, in Russia, the “value” of human life should be 51–61 million roubles in the prices of 2017 (about 1 million uS dollars depending on the official exchange rate). The results of the study of the quantitative assessment of the value of human life in Russia are correlated with the conclusions about the social need for just compensation of the damage suffered by the families of the victims of natural, man-made and other emergencies. Приводятся современные подходы к оценке стоимости жизни человека за рубежом и в современной России, которые могут быть использованы для определения справедливого размера компенсационных выплат потерпевшим в чрезвычайных ситуациях различного характера. Привлечен широкий перечень исходных данных: результаты российских и международных социологических опросов, статистика Росстата, Всемирного банка и иных международных баз данных.Анализ законодательства показал, что закрепленная в нормативных актах стоимость жизни человека в России составляет от 0,5 до 9,2 млн руб. Получены оценки материальных потерь из-за преждевременной смерти среднестатистического человека в результате чрезвычайных ситуаций для национальной экономики и для отдельного домохозяйства — они составляют 31,7 и 7,9–10,5 млн руб. соответственно (в ценах 2017 г.). Приводятся оценки стоимости жизни среднестатистического человека в России, полученные на основании социологических опросов, проведенных в 2017 г. Оценка среднего значения стоимости жизни в России, полученная методами социологии, составляет 5,2 млн руб., медианное значение — 1,4 млн руб.Приводится авторская методика оценки стоимости человеческой жизни с учетом материального и морального ущерба, нанесенного семье погибшего, построенная на балансировании средней ожидаемой продолжительности жизни, душевого конечного потребления и удовлетворенности населения различных стран своей жизнью. В качестве эквивалента удовлетворенности людей своей жизнью также используются данные об уровне домашнего насилия в обществе и сальдо миграционных потоков — как на национальном, так и региональном уровне. В рамках данной методики стоимость жизни среднестатистического человека — это средняя прибавка в уровне индивидуального потребления, необходимая для восстановления нормального уровня удовлетворенности людей своей жизнью в условиях повышенной смертности и снижения средней ожидаемой продолжительности жизни.Приводятся расчеты, выполненные по данной методике для различных групп стран мира. Показано, что общая стоимость человеческой жизни в мире в целом составляет 4,6–4,7 млн долл. США в ценах 2011 г. В группе стран с душевым потреблением более 10 тыс. долл. в год стоимость жизни увеличивается до 18,5 млн долл. В группе стран с доходом ниже этой отметки стоимость жизни составляет 0,5–1,9 млн долл. США.По оценке авторов, в России стоимость человеческой жизни должна составлять 51–61 млн руб. в ценах 2017 г. (около 1 млн долл. США в зависимости от официального курса обмена валют).Полученные результаты исследования количественной оценки стоимости человеческой жизни в России соотносятся с выводами о социальной необходимости справедливого возмещения понесенного ущерба семьям погибших в результате чрезвычайных ситуаций природного, техногенного и иного характеров.

Suggested Citation

  • А. Zubets N. & А. Novikov V. & А. Зубец Н. & А. Новиков В., 2018. "Численная Оценка Стоимости Жизни Человека В России И В Мире // Quantitative Assessment Of The Value Of Human Life In Russia And In The World," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 22(4), pages 52-75.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2018:i:4:p:52-75
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://financetp.fa.ru/jour/article/viewFile/733/502.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Viscusi, W Kip & Aldy, Joseph E, 2003. "The Value of a Statistical Life: A Critical Review of Market Estimates throughout the World," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 5-76, August.
    2. Wang, Hua & He, Jie, 2010. "The value of statistical life : a contingent investigation in China," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5421, The World Bank.
    3. Majumder, Agamoni & Madheswaran, S., 2016. "Value of statistical life: A meta analysis with mixed effects regression model," Working Papers 362, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
    4. Brad J. Bowland & John C. Beghin, 1998. "Robust Estimates of Value of a Statistical Life for Developing Economies: An Application to Pollution and Mortality in Santiago," Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) Publications 99-wp214, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
    5. Tatyana Karabchuk & Marina Nikitina & Victoriya Remezkova & Natalya Soboleva, 2014. "How to Evaluate the Value of Human Life?," Journal of Economic Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, vol. 15(1), pages 89-106.
    6. repec:reg:rpubli:282 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sujitra Vassanadumrongdee & Shunji Matsuoka & Hiroaki Shirakawa, 2004. "Meta-analysis of contingent valuation studies on air pollution-related morbidity risks," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 6(1), pages 11-47, March.
    2. Benkhalifa, Abdelaziz, 2010. "The value of mortality risk reductions in the Tunisian building and manufacturing industries," MPRA Paper 63617, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Agamoni Majumder & S Madheswaran, 2018. "Value of statistical life in India: A hedonic wage approach," Working Papers 407, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
    4. Marcela Parada-Contzen & Andrés Riquelme-Won & Felipe Vasquez-Lavin, 2013. "The value of a statistical life in Chile," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 1073-1087, December.
    5. Wang, Yanying & Jin, Yana & Lin, Huan & Wan, Wei & Zhang, Shiqiu, 2024. "Valuing mortality risk reductions in a fast-developing society: A meta-analysis of stated preference studies in China from 1998 to 2019," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    6. Schaffner, Sandra & Spengler, Hannes, 2005. "Der Einfluss unbeobachteter Heterogenität auf kompensatorische Lohndifferentiale und den Wert eines Statistischen Lebens: Eine mikroökonometrische Parallelanalyse mit IABS und SOEP," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 36800, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    7. French, Michael T. & Gumus, Gulcin & Homer, Jenny F., 2009. "Public policies and motorcycle safety," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 831-838, July.
    8. Gopal K. Basak & Chandramauli Chakraborty & Pranab Kumar Das, 2021. "Optimal Lockdown Strategy in a Pandemic: An Exploratory Analysis for Covid-19," Papers 2109.02512, arXiv.org.
    9. Aaron Sojourner, "undated". "Partial identification of willingness-to-pay using shape restrictions with an application to the value of a statistical life," Working Papers 0110, Human Resources and Labor Studies, University of Minnesota (Twin Cities Campus).
    10. Devi, P. Indira & Shanmugam, K.R. & Jayasree, M.G., 2012. "Compensating Wages for Occupational Risks of Farm Workers in India," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 67(2), pages 1-12.
    11. Thomas Kniesner & W. Viscusi & James Ziliak, 2014. "Willingness to accept equals willingness to pay for labor market estimates of the value of a statistical life," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 48(3), pages 187-205, June.
    12. Lakdawalla, Darius N. & Seabury, Seth A., 2012. "The welfare effects of medical malpractice liability," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 356-369.
    13. Jeremy Greenwood & Nezih Guner & Karen A. Kopecky, 2022. "The Downward Spiral," NBER Working Papers 29764, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Yang Guo & Liqun Peng & Jinping Tian & Denise L. Mauzerall, 2023. "Deploying green hydrogen to decarbonize China’s coal chemical sector," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    15. Alexander Gelber & Adam Isen & Judd B. Kessler, 2014. "The Effects of Youth Employment: Evidence from New York City Summer Youth Employment Program Lotteries," NBER Working Papers 20810, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Christopher S. Carpenter & Mark Stehr, 2011. "Intended and Unintended Consequences of Youth Bicycle Helmet Laws," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 54(2), pages 305-324.
    17. Stavins, Robert, 2004. "Environmental Economics," RFF Working Paper Series dp-04-54, Resources for the Future.
    18. Philip J. Cook & Jens Ludwig & Adam Samaha, 2010. "Gun Control after "Heller": Litigating against Regulation," NBER Chapters, in: Regulation vs. Litigation: Perspectives from Economics and Law, pages 103-135, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Joseph Michael Newhard, 2018. "The effect of equalizing differences on tax-price: explaining patterns of political support across industries," Constitutional Political Economy, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 281-302, September.
    20. Laura A. Bakkensen & Robert O. Mendelsohn, 2016. "Risk and Adaptation: Evidence from Global Hurricane Damages and Fatalities," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(3), pages 555-587.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:scn:financ:y:2018:i:4:p:52-75. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Алексей Скалабан (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://financetp.fa.ru .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.