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Stratified and defensive planning democracy: Hearings on objections to plans in nine Israeli cities

Author

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  • Talia Margalit

    (Azrieli School of Architecture, Faculty of Arts, Tel Aviv University, Israel)

  • Adriana Kemp

    (Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel)

Abstract

This article contributes to the debate on inclusion and democracy in planning by comparing the answers given by five Israeli district committees to objections to planning proposals in nine cities, and by analysing their discourse in terms of socio-spatial inequality. We investigate how the committees’ answers to various professionals and civil actors, and how the type and degree of effort they invest in justifying their decisions, reflect their views of existing social divisions. We consider current theses on compromises to planning democracy. First, we follow urban regime theorists and compare the planners’ answers to objections submitted by their professional and development peers, and by ordinary people. Second, we follow theories on identity and class-related biases, and compare the committees’ answers to objectors along Israeli socio-spatial and ethnic disparities. Third, we trace planners’ post-political methods to simultaneously protect and legitimate their decisions. We demonstrate evidence of a combination of a positive bias towards the most powerful actors, a negative bias towards the least powerful ones, and many less obvious and neutral answers to those in the middle. We argue that with this array of answers and justifications, Israeli committees preserve a superficial display of inclusion and legitimation.

Suggested Citation

  • Talia Margalit & Adriana Kemp, 2019. "Stratified and defensive planning democracy: Hearings on objections to plans in nine Israeli cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(16), pages 3504-3521, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:56:y:2019:i:16:p:3504-3521
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098018810321
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Oren Yiftachel & Margo Huxley, 2000. "Debating Dominence and Relevance: Notes on the ‘Communicative Turn’ in Planning Theory," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(4), pages 907-913, December.
    2. Igal Charney, 2013. "The Entrepreneurial Turn in the Context of a Central State: Evasive Planning Regulation for Ikea in Israel," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 45(8), pages 1845-1857, August.
    3. John Forester, 2012. "Learning to Improve Practice: Lessons from Practice Stories and Practitioners' Own Discourse Analyses (or Why Only the Loons Show Up)," Planning Theory & Practice, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 11-26.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ela Romov & Na’ama Teschner, 2022. "A Place under the Sun: Planning, Landscape and Participation in a Case of a Solar Powerplant in the Israeli Desert," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Margalit, Talia & Mualam, Nir, 2020. "Selective rescaling, inequality and popular growth coalitions: The case of the Israeli national plan for earthquake preparedness," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).

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