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Multilevel Analysis Methods

Author

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  • JOOP J. HOX

    (University of Amsterdam)

  • ITA G. G. KREFT

    (California State University, Los Angeles)

Abstract

This special issue of SMR is about the analysis of data collected at different levels of observation, such as groups and individuals within these groups, and about the methodological problems that are present when natural experimentation and observations nested within existing social groups are the object of study. The methodological problems are summarized in the term multilevel problems. A multilevel problem is a problem that inquires into the relationships between a set of variables that are measured at a number of different levels of a hierarchy. This article discusses some traditional approaches to the analysis of multilevel data and their statistical shortcomings. The random coefficient linear model is presented, which resolves many of these problems, and the currently available software is discussed. Next, some more general developments in multilevel modeling are discussed. The authors end with an overview of this special issue .

Suggested Citation

  • Joop J. Hox & Ita G. G. Kreft, 1994. "Multilevel Analysis Methods," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 22(3), pages 283-299, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:22:y:1994:i:3:p:283-299
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124194022003001
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    Cited by:

    1. Chamilall Neelkant S., 2000. "La Genese Du Label Autricheen': La Pensee De Carl Menger," Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 53-118, March.
    2. Shujun Ding & Chunxin Jia & Zhenyu Wu & Wenlong Yuan, 2016. "Environmental Management Under Subnational Institutional Constraints," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 134(4), pages 631-648, April.
    3. Hidemichi Fujii & Kentaro Yoshida & Ken Sugimura, 2016. "Research and Development Strategy in Biological Technologies: A Patent Data Analysis of Japanese Manufacturing Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Christina L. Brown, 1999. "“Do the Right Thing:” Diverging Effects of Accountability in a Managerial Context," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 18(3), pages 230-246.
    5. Fabian Kratz, 2011. "Is spatial mobility a reproduction mechanism of inequality? An empirical analysis of the job search behavior and the international mobility of students and re-cent graduates," Working Papers 26, AlmaLaurea Inter-University Consortium.
    6. Susan L Young & Christopher Welter & Michael Conger, 2018. "Stability vs. flexibility: The effect of regulatory institutions on opportunity type," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(4), pages 407-441, May.

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