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From Holocaust to Anfal: The impact of genocide and cross-generational trauma on the mental health of Kurds

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  • Darya Rostam Ahmed

Abstract

Genocide attempts are among the most severe traumatic events that are transmitted across generations. However, it may also prove the strength and survivability as well as the vulnerability of the targeted group. Anfal and chemical attacks on Halabja on Iraqi Kurds that targeted their annihilation had a devastating impact. Many survivors and their generations are still dealing with their effects on psychological disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. To address the psychological effects of these tragic events on survivors and their generations and propose the actions to be taken, this article explores the psychological trauma and problems caused by attempted genocide and chemical attacks in the case of Anfal campaign. These effects require more research to fully understand the long-term effects of these tragedies, as well as support and provision of comprehensive psychological and mental health interventions to their survivors and generations.

Suggested Citation

  • Darya Rostam Ahmed, 2024. "From Holocaust to Anfal: The impact of genocide and cross-generational trauma on the mental health of Kurds," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 70(3), pages 621-625, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:70:y:2024:i:3:p:621-625
    DOI: 10.1177/00207640231210107
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    1. Faraidoun Moradi & Mia Söderberg & Fazil Moradi & Bledar Daka & Anna-Carin Olin & Mona Lärstad, 2019. "Health perspectives among Halabja’s civilian survivors of sulfur mustard exposure with respiratory symptoms—A qualitative study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Fitzgerald, G.J., 2008. "Chemical warfare and medical response during World War I," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(4), pages 611-625.
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